This paper reviews the experiences of introducing land consolidation and land banking instruments in Central and Eastern Europe, largely to address the structural problems of small and fragmented farms. The introduction has been uneven with some countries having established operational programmes while others have taken steps with differing levels of success, and a few have not taken action. The paper assesses the driving factors for the introduction and the approaches used in individual countries.

This study addresses the question, ‘How can remaining forests be conserved when these are already individually privatized, and when the people prefer landuses other than forestry?’ These changes in landuse and forest ownership are demonstrated through a case study of a village in Ifugao, Philippines. A rapid and continued conversion of forest into agricultural land is observed, particularly for vegetable farming. Traditionally, most of the village total land area was under communal land ownership, but now almost half is under de facto private ownership.

We used novel remote sensing techniques to compare the landscape-scale patterns of forest structure in Pennsylvania, USA under the management of four different agencies with varying primary objectives, including production forestry, wildlife habitat, recreation, and private ownership. We (i) developed a forest structure classification scheme using publicly available LiDAR and orthographic aerial imagery data, (ii) mapped the forest structure across twenty forested landscapes, and (iii) compared the landscape-scale forest structure patterns among the four forest management types.

Met de oprichting van de Stichting Marke Mallem (2010), de overdracht van de zeggenschap over het waterschapseigendom in de vorm van een erfpachtconstructie (2010) en de formele overdracht van de verantwoordelijkheid voor het dagelijks onderhoud op basis van overeenstemming over een beheerplan Marke Mallem (2014) is een initiatief concreet geworden.

Cutting 3,712.56 ha in Tamegn village of Kroya commune in Sontok district of Kampong Thom province : 1,165.41 ha from 2002 forest cover, 2,547.15 ha from ELC of CCV company ; Reclassifying 3,461.42 ha as state private land for donating to 1,050 families; Reserving 251.14 ha for physical infrastructure development; and Granting ownership to 1,537 private land parcels.

Cutting a total land of 3,268.6418 ha in Kbal Romeas commune in Sesan district of Stung Treng province: 2,159.9393 ha from 2002 Forest Cover, 91.6542 ha from confiscated land, 589.1020 ha from ELC of SIV GUEK InvestmentCo.,Ltd, 243.7158 ha from ELC of SOPHEAK NIKA Investment Agro-Industrial Plants Co.,Ltd, 156.0460 ha from ELC of SAL SOPHEA PEANICH Co.,Ltd, 13.8454 ha from ELC of (Cambodia) Research Mining Development Co.,Ltd and 14.3391 ha from ELC of UNHNTER Trading &Development Group (Cambodia) Co.,Ltd; Reclassying 2,628.7292 ha as state private land for granting donation of owners

The Regulation prescribes the criteria for determining the dominant land use category in transactions with agricultural land; the information to be included in the application for transactions with agricultural land and the documents to be appended thereto; the procedures by which an agricultural land lessee and the manager of the Latvian Land Fund must exercise their pre-emptive right; the procedures by which a local government committee must be funded and established, its composition, as well as the rights and obligations of the local government committee; the procedures by which a local

Ce document décrit le point de vue des parties prenantes sur le développement des Directives Volontaires pour la gouvernance foncière. Ces Directives représentent le plus grand «terrain d’entente» sur la gouvernance foncière qui a été trouvé à ce jour dans un forum mondial. Ce consensus a été construit sur la base de (développé à travers des) négociations intergouvernementales avec la participation de incluant la société civile, du le secteur privé et des institutions académiques et de recherche.

Este documento describe la perspectiva de las partes interesadas sobre el desarrollo de las Directrices voluntarias sobre la gobernanza de la tenencia. Estas directrices representan la mayor medida de un “terreno común\" sobre la gobernanza de la tenencia que se ha encontrado hasta el momento en el foro mundial. El consenso fue desarrollado por medio de negociaciones intergubernamentales con la participación de la sociedad civil, el sector privado e instituciones académicos y de investigación.

This paper describes the perspective of stakeholders on the development of the Voluntary Guidelines on tenure. These Guidelines represent the greatest extent of “common ground” on governance of tenure that has been found to date in a global forum. This consensus was developed through intergovernmental negotiations with the participation of civil society, the private sector and research and academic institutes. This paper draws on interviews to identify how people engaged in the process and the dynamics that were created between the parties.

Improved access to gender-disaggregated data can be a catalyst to improving gender equality and provide opportunities for the so-called “Third Sector” of non-governmental and local organizations, especially those representing women. The Voluntary Guidelines underline that gender equality is at the core of all processes and aspects of tenure governance, including policy formulation, service delivery, and access to legal systems and information.

Reducing land area of investment project of Kirirom Eco-Tourism Investment Company from 609 ha to 20 ha and including the reducted 589 ha in the scope of Kirirom National Park under MOE, and reducing land area of investment project of TTY Agricultural Plant Development Co., Ltd from 9,780 ha to 215 ha and including the reducted 9565 ha in the scope of Snoul Wildlife Sanctuary under MOE.