This factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Uganda, using an climate security pathway analysis. Two main climate security pathway are identified: 1. Livelihood and Food Insecurity: Climate change and variability affect Uganda ́s agricultural production and food security. Inequalities in terms of gender and youth further increase the vulnerability of affected rural populations to adapt to the challenges of climate change.

Efforts to thwart the trafficking of conflict commodities to finance wars constitute an ongoing endeavour. As specific approaches become effective for certain commodities, belligerent actors pursue new forms of exploitation. The trafficking of housing, land and property (HLP) rights in war zones has now reached a pervasiveness, lucrativeness and severity to warrant significant attention on the derivation of countermeasures.

Le Cameroun est favorable à l’exploitation minière, pour promouvoir le développement national. Cette option a entraîné la création de nouvelles catégories de permis, intermédiaires entre la mine industrielle et l’artisanat minier : la petite mine, et la mine artisanale semi-mécanisée. Situation qui a conduit à la présence, dans diverses Régions du Cameroun, d’un nombre important d’exploitants, et à une confusion dans l’esprit des communautés sur le statut et la nature des opérations minières se déroulant dans leur terroir.

En République Centrafricaine, l’Etat détient le pouvoir d’exproprier une personne physique ou morale d’un bien foncier. Cette pratique se justifie par la mise en œuvre des Projets d’Intérêt Général dont l’Etat seul est garant. La corruption n’est pas absente dans le mécanisme. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à analyser les procédures d’expropriation pour cause d’utilité publique en Centrafrique et relever les cas de corruption quand il s’agit d’indemniser les victimes. Les méthodes analytique et descriptive ont été utilisées pour la réalisation de ce travail.

The governing Georgian Dream party (GD) continues to control all branches of the state. Although the UNM-led opposition put pressure on the GD government, it won a third term in allegedly fraudulent parliamentary elections on October 31, 2020. The opposition refused to take up their seats in the new parliament, which led to a political deadlock. The crisis peaked when Prime Minister Giorgi Gakharia resigned in February 2021 over his personal refusal to arrest UNM opposition leader Nikanor Melia.

In 2019, the long-awaited transition of presidential power from Nursultan Nazarbayev to his anointed successor Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev took place. However, Nazarbayev continues to wield power. Among his many positions is the chair-for-life of the National Security Council, a constitutional body that has effective veto power over key policy decisions.

Fraud and corruption are the main enabling mechanisms for land abuses in Brazil, guaranteeing impunity for land grabbers and other public and private agents involved in these schemes. This is what is evidenced in the research report, “Weak land governance, fraud and corruption: fertile ground for land grabbing,” which systematizes for the first time the relationship between these issues. Thereby, the study seeks to understand precisely why and how corruption and fraud associated with land grabbing occur.  

O termo “grilagem” remete à prática antiga de forjar um título de propriedade e colocá-lo em uma gaveta com grilos para amarelar o documento, conferindo a aparência de um documento legitimo. As táticas se modernizaram, persistindo diversas práticas, conhecidas como grilagem, que buscam fraudar títulos e invadir terras com o objetivo de apropriar- -se indevidamente de áreas tanto públicas quanto particulares, muitas vezes com o auxílio de agentes corruptos, sejam eles da esfera pública ou privada.

Kazakhstan’s leaders have long harbored ambitious visions for their country’s future. The country’s first President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, launched several far-reaching goals for the country’s development, most notably in 2012 the “Kazakhstan 2050” strategy, which aimed for Kazakhstan to take a place among the world’s 30 most developed states by mid-century.

This publication is based on the “Study on Fraud in Land Administration Systems” presented at the Twelfth Session of the Working Party on Land Administration in 2021. It is an update to the 2011 “Study on the Challenges of Fraud to Land Administration Institutions" (ECE/HBP/165). It analyses the current state of play and best practices in addressing fraud in land administration systems in the ECE region.

By creating a land commission, the Kazakh authorities managed to bring down the protest rallies in 2016, when, under pressure from citizens, the government was forced to abandon the sale and lease of land to foreigners. The goal of the national patriots was achieved, but the key issue for the citizens remained unresolved – the mechanism and procedures for the return of land to the people of Kazakhstan, sold by the authorities as a result of massive corruption deals and now belonging to oligarchs – “land barons”, has not been created by law.