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Improving urban land use efficiency is a feasible way to realize sustainable development and alleviate urban land pressure on the city. The main purpose of this article is to measure the urban land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and explore its evolutionary trends and influencing factors, so as to provide references for policy formulation to promote efficient land use and sustainable development. Therefore, we calculated the value of urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River economic belt from 2004 to 2019, based on the super efficiency SBM model, including unexpected output. Further, we analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution, and spatial correlation and its influencing factors. The main results are as follows: Firstly, urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River economic belt continues to improve as a whole, but it is higher in the east and lower in the west. In the kernel density evolution map, the development trend is steep at first and then slows, and the gap tends to decrease. Secondly, the spatial correlation of urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River economic belt increases year by year, showing a positive correlation overall. The high-high agglomeration shifts to the east, low-low agglomeration shifts to the west, and low-high and high-low agglomeration show scattered distribution. The hot and cold spots are distributed regionally and have a diffusion trend. Thirdly, the results of the spatial Dubbin model show that the urbanization level, government expenditure and industrial instruction transformation can promote the improvement of urban land use efficiency, and people density and land use scale can inhibit its improvement. Additionally, there is remarkable heterogeneity in the effect of these influencing factors. On the whole, the effect of non-resource-based cities is better, and it is more so in the cities of the eastern region.
