General

The aim of this particular project is to ensure the participation of leading civil society organizations on land rights in the activities of the Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights and more specifically the Bern-conference: Scaling Up the Implementation of Community Land and Resource Rights, that will take place on September 30th and October 1st. The Bern conference provides an important opportunity for ensuring Southern participation in the Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights and mobilizing and broadening the scope of the campaign. The expected results are: •12 leading Southern CSO’s will participate in the Bern Conference and the meeting of the steering committee of the Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights. •250 representatives of national, regional and international CSO’s, IGO’s, multilateral organizations, researchers and land rights activists will attend an interactive debate at the Bern conference: Making Community Land Rights a Global Priority. Leading African CSOs will contribute to this session. •50 participants will participate in a strategy meeting on the Global Campaign on Indigenous and Community Land Rights. Leading African CSOs will contribute to this session. •Finally the project proposal also aims to ensure that women’s land rights and property rights are prioritized in the Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights.

General

North West Nigeria will experience a great impact from climate change since it lies either in the desert or dry land, where majority of small holder farmers still earn their livelihoods from subsistence agriculture and pastoralism. In most places, soils are inherently poor- low in organic matter and rich in salts and rainfall is erratic. Soil erosion and general land degradation has caused part of the lands to fall out of cultivation. Land degradation has reached crisis proportion with not only problem of desert expandingbut also soil depletion, soil erosion and water loss as a result of poor land use.(UNEP, world Atlas of desertification). The NorthWest Nigeria vulnerability to climate change impacts have been underscored by severe droughts experienced recently in the Sahel in 2012. By 2050 many crops in sub-Saharan Africa are expected to experience yield declines between 5-22% as a result of climate changeimpacts (FAO, How to feed the world in 2050, 2009). These experiences and projections bring into focus the serious impacts of climate change on the continent and highlight the urgent need for adaptation as a priority for food security; reducing the vulnerability of a great majority of Africa#s one billion citizens. Climate change will act as a multiplier of existing threat to food security: It will make natural disaster more frequent and intense, land and water more scarce and difficult to access, and increases in productivity even harder to achieve. The implications for people who are poor and already food insecure and malnourished are immense. The livelihoods and lives of the poorest and the most vulnerable, including women and children and the marginalised communities, are at the greatest risk to suffer from the potential impacts of climate change. This is due to their high exposure to natural hazards, their direct dependence on climate- sensitive resources such as plants, trees, animals, water and land, and their limited capacity to adapt and cope with Climate Change impacts. Climate change will affect four dimensions of food security: availability, accessibility, stability and utilisation. It will reduce food availability, because it negatively affects the basic elements of food production- soil, water and biodiversity. Rural communities face increased risks including recurrent crop failure, loss of livestock and reduced availability of fisheries and forest product. Changing temperatures and weather patterns furthermore creates conditions for emergenceof new pests and diseases that affect animals, trees and crops. This has direct effects on the quality and quantity of yields as well as the availability and price of food, feed and fibre. Competition over increasingly scarce resources will also increase the risks of conflicts, displacement and migration, which in turn will again increase the risk of food insecurity (climate change and the risk of hunger. (WFP, 2009). Reduced food availability due to decreasing yield as a result of climate change has additional direct implications for food accessibility: As food becomes scarce, prices go up and food becomes unaffordable, i.e. inaccessible, for a growing part of the population. It thus becomes necessary for Oxfam to undertake a study and implement recommended adaptation options that have the potential to improve the capacity of the vulnerable people to be food secured and adapt to climate change The overall objective of the project is to improve resilience to climate change, food security and household incomes of the rural poor in the North Western Nigeria. To achieve this, the is commencing with a study which has the following strategic objectives: - To carry out a study to: # To identify the main drivers of climate change within the North West of Nigeria # 2. To investigate the vulnerability of small scale farmers in the North western part of Nigeria to the effects of climate change, land degradation and conflicts and analyse the coping strategies they adopt. # 3. Identify ecosystem- based approaches that can be harnessed to improve food security, buildcapacities for adaption to climate change and mitigate climate change induced conflicts. # 4. To synthesize objectives 1-3 into insights/recommendations for conservation and management action as well as identify investment opportunities for private sector participation # 5. Recommend viable projects that can be implemented to contribute to increased food security, reduction in land degradation through improved resources management techniques and support sustainable livelihoods.

General

Land Conflict Resolution in Koh Kong project will secure the land rights and fare compensation of affected community Sugarcane Industry in Cambodia. The Koh Kong cases (i.e. the dispute in Sre Ambel) is well-known, and part of Oxfam influencing work overthe past years. The project can be considered high-impact, as it will provide land rights to people, and will close the #loop# on an intense local-to-global influencing strategy that also prompted Coca Cola and others to improve their policies (through the Behind the Brands Campaign), and urgent, as it is direct consequence of an opening secured from the government, and that needs immediate action. Theproject would have a positive impact to at least 200 families in Koh Kong and involve at least 300hectares of land where have just granted certificate to individual family yet for compensation on lost of livelihoods. From 2017 to the end of 2018, Oxfam played critical role in funding the Srae Ambel case to enable CLEC and the 200 families to continue their legal and lawful claim until the success as of today. There have been a lot of lobby and advocacy efforts in both soft and hard approaches that could be traced back toform a comprehensive case study of the case; in particular, to take out some good practices applicable for other case intervention and share it with partners. - The proposed project: The project objective is to bring in for all actors concerned to learn and improve good practice of effective engagement in solving outstanding land andnatural resource issues like the Srae Ambel Case in Koh Kongthrough the development of a comprehensive study of the Srae Ambel Case. - The Expected Results: # Pushing factors encouraged for the solution of the case are defined; # Actors concerned and their roles and responsibilities are identified and formulated # Good practice and room for improvements are recommended;