ABSTRACTED FROM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This is one of four thematic studies on customary tenure in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam. These studies seek to present an analysis of customary tenure arrangements in each country and identify key challenges and opportunities for strengthening the legal recognition and protection of customary tenure. The present study on Myanmar focuses on customary tenure among upland ethnic nationalities, where colonial and state land administration systems have been poorly integrated, allowing customary systems to be sustained over time.

The constitution was approved in a national referendum.

The constitution was adopted by Parliament and approved in a national referendum.

The constitution was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth II through an Order in Council upon independence, following approval by the Solomons Assembly.

The constitution was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth II through an Order in Council upon independence following a request from the National Assembly.

The constitution was approved by a Constituent Assembly.

The constitution was promulgated by Queen Elizabeth II through an Order in Council upon independence, and passed by the National Assembly.

The constitution was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela.

The constitution was passed by Parliament and brought into force retrospectively.

The constitution was approved by both the National Assembly and the National Liberation Council before being signed by the President.

The constitution was approved by the Legislative Assembly and signed by the President.

The constitution was promulgated by the Chairman of the National Council of the Slovak Republic.