The study was conducted in central zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, aimed with assessment of breeding practices and evaluation of estrus synchronization of dairy cattle. The study of the survey covered 180 households found in per-urban and rural areas of Ahferom, Adwa and Laelay michew district which included 113 in rural areas and 67 in per-urban areas of the districts. The Information was collected from secondary data, group discussion, AI technician, household level survey questionnaire, farm visit and personal observations.

In Ethiopia, genetic improvement of the indigenous cattle for dairy production, focusing on crossbreeding, has been practised for the last five decades, albeit with little success.

Selection as an improvement tool has been given less emphasis and as such there have

been no systematic and organized selection schemes for cattle genetic improvement in

Ethiopia. In addition, little or no genetic improvement work targeted at improving beef

Lushoto District is part of Tanzania’s most important milk production regions; depending on the village, 25-95% of households own improved dairy cows. However, land pressure is high and both income and food security are low. The aim of this study has been to assess the potential of various forage cultivation intensification strategies (‘scenarios’) to improve physical production and income of smallholder crop-dairy farmers in Lushoto district, Tanzania.

The proceedings of a conference, reviewing current knowledge of browse species and their role in the development of livestock production. The papers cover the ecology of browse trees and shrubs, their geological distribution, relative palatibility for different animals, and composition and theoretical value. Also discussed are the primary and secondary production of browse, its intensification by economic and socially acceptable operations, browse regeneration management and research priorities.

Presents procedures for feed budgeting and allocation developed to access the quantity and quality of all feed components and to determine the production goals of each enterprise and allocates feed in relation to their requirements within the framework of overall feed supplies.