Wetlands occur extensively across the Nile Basin and support the livelihoods ofmillions of people. Despite their importance, there are big gaps in the knowledge about the current status of these ecosystems, and how populations in the Nile use them. A better understanding is needed on the ecosystem services provided by the difl:erent types of wetlands in the Nile, and how these contribute to local livelihoods.

This paper applies the principles of water-use accounts, developed in the first of

the series, to the Nile River basin in Northeast Africa. The Nile and its tributaries

flow though nine countries. The White Nile flows though Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt.

The Blue Nile starts in Ethiopia. Zaire, Kenya, Tanzanian, Rwanda, and Burundi all

have tributaries, which flow into the Nile or into Lake Victoria. Unique features are

Lake Victoria and the Sudd wetland where White Nile loses about half of its flow by

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) Focal Project set out to study water poverty, water

availability and access, water productivity, and water and related institutions in the

Yellow River basin to develop and rank a series of high-priority interventions aimed at

increasing water and food security for the poor, while maintaining environmental

sustainability. The YBFP identified complex relations between water and poverty in the

YRB; identified streamflow declines in the basin despite predicted higher rainfall;

The pressure on availability of water in Tigray regional state is likely to increase as the requirement for food production in couple with rapidly growing of the population is at increasing rate. Hence, improving water productivity using regulated deficit irrigation is important to reduce the water consumption while minimizing adverse effects on the crop yield. This study was conducted in the eastern zone of Tigray regional state, Atsibi Womberta district.

Oil palm, currently the world’s main vegetable oil crop, is characterised by a large productivity and a long life span (?25 years). Peak oil yields of 12 t ha?1 yr?1 have been achieved in small plantations, and maximum theoretical yields as calculated with simulation models are 18.5 t oil ha?1 yr?1, yet average productivity worldwide has stagnated around 3 t oil ha?1 yr?1. Considering the threat of expansion into valuable rainforests, it is important that the factors underlying these existing yield gaps are understood and, where feasible, addressed.

The Case Study Workshop was organized with the objective of obtaining the necessary input the experts on different subject areas of water resources, subject those views and discussion among the stakeholder agencies, and synthesize the information to a report on the case study. The outcome of the Workshop would eventually transform into the contribution of Sri Lanka to the forst WWDR.

With the global expansion of urban areas, competition over both land and water resources is steadily increasing, especially within developing countries(FAO 2012; Kuslu 2007; CER 2009). The expansion of urban areas into agricultural areas, such as in Uzbekistan, has created competition for water between farmers and non-farmers (FAO 2002, 2005). Subsequent growth of urban and peri-urban areas envisages new and expanded demands for water resources, entailing both reproductive and productive uses especially by the poor (Drechsel et al. 2006; van Koppen et al. 2006).

This Working Paper summarizes research conducted as part of the AgWater Solutions Project in Burkina Faso between 2009 and 2012. Researchers from the AgWater Solutions Project examined the potential for small reservoirs, inland valley cultivation and the use of motorized pumps. The main findings indicate that (1) Small reservoirs need better management at all stages to reduce costs and improve equity.Costs could be comparable with other AWM options. The total investment to reach 50% of the potential demand in Burkina Faso could be as much as USD 1,136 million.