The main aim of land preparation is to modify and manipulate the land features so as to create favorable environment for seed establishment and crop growth. The research and Development in this field must take into account the traditional practices used by the farming community. This case study gives a brief description of farmers' management of Vertisols and soils with 'Vertic' properties and the Development of the low cost broad bed maker (BBM) for facilitating surface drainage.

Presents papers and abstracts on the management of vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the world. Overviews the importance, distribution, agroclimatology and properties of vertisols and the Indian Vertisol technology experience. Reviews resource assessment and management and highlights inter-institutional modes of operation and networking concepts in Vertisol research and development.

Research carried out to evaluate management options and animal production potential of native and improved pastures in savanna regions of tropical America is reviewed, with emphasis on Colombia's Eastern Plains. In areas with limited infrastructure native grasses are the main forage resource and weight gains of cattle grazing these native pastures with burning and mineral supplementation vary from 70 to 90 kg/hd and from 15 to 20 kg/ha.

Mapaz helps policymakers and scientists target research and development or conservation activities in the Amazon by pulling together information on elements such as deforestation, biomass, species diversity, population, poverty and regional land use. Users can define their own geographic areas or select existing administrative boundaries to get spatial information for that area in the form of maps and tables. For example, MAPAZ calculates biomass,

The first chapter gives a brief description of a pastoral production system, as envisaged by the study team and outlines the multi-disciplinary approach of the study, its sampling design and the data collected. Chapters 2 & 3 describe Kenya's biophysical and socio-economic environments, within which the Maasai livestock production system operates. The biophysical environment of the study site is described in detail in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 describes the social organization of the Maasai and how it affects their use of livestock and grazing resources.

Se discuten varios conceptos relativos al mejoramiento de leguminosas forrajeras y a su adaptacion a suelos acidos de baja fertilidad. Se observa que es raro que un ecotipo nativo selecionado ofrezca todas las caracteristicas requeridas para praderas de pastoreo. Los objetivos del mejoramiento deben ser muy especificos, lo cual se logra con una estrecha colaboracion entre los introduccionistas de plantas, agronomos especialistas en leguminosas y cientificos en la utilizacion de pasturas.

Long-term ecological effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops on nontarget pests have received limited attention, more so in diverse small holder based cropping systems of the developing world. Field trials conducted over 10 years in northern China show that mirid bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) have progressively increased population sizes and acquired pest status in cotton and multiple other crops, in association with a regional increase in Bt cotton adoption.