The livestock sector is one of the major contributors in agriculture, by some estimates

contributing up to 18% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Of this, about one

third is reported to be due to land use change associated with livestock production, another

one third is nitrous oxide from manure and slurry management, and roughly 25% is attributed

to methane emissions from ruminant digestion. Recent analysis suggests that developing

world regions contribute about two thirds of the global emissions from ruminants, with sub-

Background: Smallholders have begun to take advantage of a growing pool of investment in climate change mitigation. Meanwhile, early movers in this area are working to develop innovative models that will allow projects to be nancially sustainable and scalable while bene ting local actors. This study focuses on two of these projects in East Africa, managed by Vi Agroforestry in Kenya and ECOTRUST in Uganda. They engaged in a participatory action research process to identify ways that local actors could take on expanded roles within the projects.

This paper investigates possible impacts
of climate change on the poor communities of the Bangladesh
Sundarbans via changes in aquatic salinity and mangrove
species. The implications for poor communities are assessed
by computing changes in high-value mangrove species for the
five sub-districts in the Sundarbans. The results of the
impact analysis indicate highly varied patterns of gain and
loss across the five sub-districts. Overall, however, the

Maternal season defined, as the prevailing environmental conditions during crop growth has been
known to influence not only grain yield but also seed quality. A laboratory and field experiment were
conducted in October 2014, to determine the influence of total rainfall and mean monthly
temperature on germination, vigor and emergence of sorghum seeds which were harvested from
three different seasons and were kept under controlled conditions. The laboratory experiment was

Improving the productivity of
smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa offers the best
chance to reduce poverty among this generation of rural
poor, by building on the limited resources farming
households already possess. It is also the best and shortest
path to meet rising food needs. Using examples from
farmers' maize and rice fields, and comparisons with
Asia, this paper examines why the set of technologies

This paper assesses the relation between
access to markets and cultivated land in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Making use of a geo-referenced panel over three decades
(1970-2005) during which the road network was significantly
improved, the analysis finds a modest but significant
positive association between increased market accessibility
and local cropland expansion. It also finds that cropland
expansion, in turn, is associated with a small but

Rwanda's completion, in 2012/13, of
a land tenure regularization program covering the entire
country allows the use of administrative data to describe
initial performance and combine the data with household
surveys to quantify to what extent and why subsequent
transfers remain informal, and how to address this. In
2014/15, annual volumes of registered sales ranged between
5.6 percent for residential land in Kigali and 0.1 percent

Based on data from the Land Matrix database, this paper briefly analyses large-scale land acquisitions in the context of current complex and dynamic land and climate governance discourse. The paper tries to explain the inter linkages between land and climate governance, within the water-food-energy nexus, and the increasing and important role for science, technology and innovation in agriculture in order to become more resilient to current and future challenges in climate and land governance.

Une analyse a été conduite au Niger afin d’évaluer les besoins liés á la gestion de l’eau à usage agricole (GEA) et d’identifier les priorités d’investissements dans le but de réduire la pauvreté en milieu rurale en terme de: recherché; assistance technique; formation; appui aux politiques. La méthodologie a été structurée en cinq phases: (1) Analyse des parties prenantes; (2) Atelier de lancement; (3) Interviews et visites de terrain; (4) Discussion des résultats préliminaires avec l’équipe nationale; et (5) Atelier de validation.

This manual provides a short history of localg.a.p. and its entry into South Africa and provides information for trainers providing support to small holder farmers who want to achieve localg.a.p. compliance. 

This report addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions of agricultural development, with the objective of ensuring food and nutrition security, in terms of availability, access, utilization and stability. It focuses on the livestock component of agricultural systems, given the role of livestock as an engine for the development of the agriculture and food sector, and as a driver of major economic, social and environmental changes in food systems worldwide.