Bangladesh, with two-thirds of its land
area less than five meters above sea level, is one of the
most climate-vulnerable countries in the world. Low-lying
coastal districts along the Bay of Bengal are particularly
vulnerable to sea level rise, tidal flooding, storm surges,
and climate-induced increases in soil and water salinity.
This paper investigates the impact of drinking water
salinity on infant mortality in coastal Bangladesh. It

The focus of this document is to provide
a wide range of ideas and options to improve the inclusion
of environmental sustainability throughout the road
transportation project cycle (system planning, project
planning and design, construction, and operation and
maintenance) based on environmental sustainability
indicators and highlighting environmentally sustainable
products and materials for road construction. Sustainable

Climate change is a major development challenge to Ethiopia. Climate change is expected to

adversely affect all economic sectors, eco-regions, and social groups. Agriculture is one of the

most vulnerable sectors as it is highly dependent on rainfall. This report synthesises four case

studies focusing on the impacts, vulnerabilities and local adaptation practices in Ethiopia‘s

agricultural sector, including policy and institutional responses. The case studies were carried

In the debate on climate change, it is frequently argued that the number of “climate refugees” is going to grow world-wide. So far, however, only little evidence has been provided of links between climate change, environmental changes and migration. The transdisciplinary research project “micle”– migration, climate & environment – has examined this link in selected areas of the Sahel zone.

Agricultural landscapes must provide food, fiber and energy to

a growing population in a changing climate, while potentially

serving as instruments for climate change mitigation. Agriculture

is the backbone of the Kenyan economy, contributing approximately

25% of the GDP annually and employing more than 75%

of the population (The Government of Kenya 2010). The development

of agriculture is also important for poverty reduction since

most of the vulnerable groups, like pastoralists, the landless, and

Agro-ecosystems in dry areas are sensitive to changes in climate and land use. The productivities of these agro-ecosystems are highly variable in both spatial and temporal scales. Accurate and up-to-date information on these production systems at farmscape to landscape scales are important for understanding the food security

This report aims to build understanding of the existing disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) tools in use in the Solomon Islands and to identify gaps where engagement could further develop financial resilience. It also aims to encourage peer exchange of regional knowledge, specifically by encouraging dialogue on past experiences, lessons learned, optimal use of these financial tools, and the effect these tools may have on the execution of post-disaster funds.

Agriculture remains fundamental for
Nicaragua from both a macroeconomic and social view. It is
the largest sector of the Nicaraguan economy, and it remains
the single biggest employer with around 30 percent of the
labor force and including processed foods, like meat and
sugar, agriculture accounts for around 40 percent of total
exports value. Nicaragua appears to be gradually losing
competitive edge of some of its key agricultural exports

Why produce a policy note on
horticulture in Uzbekistan? There are several answers to
this existential question, although they are not necessarily
obvious ones. Agriculture, taken as a whole, constitutes a
small and declining share of Uzbekistan s national income,
and horticulture is a small share of agricultural income.
Even so, it is an important source of income for the 4.7
million households that operate dehkan farms in rural and

Gross domestic product (GDP) growth was
a disappointing 3.5 percent in 2013. It remained largely
unchanged compared to 2012, reflecting a decline in cereal
production and stagnation in the industrial sector. Services
continue to drive the economy. The economic outlook for 2014
was more positive, but poor rainfall and the Ebola outbreak
have forced downward revisions in GDP growth projections,
now expected to reach 4.5 percent. The plan Senegal emergent

In the past 50 years, Indian agriculture
has undergone a major transformation, from dependence on
food aid to becoming a consistent net food exporter. The
gradual reforms in the agricultural sector (following the
broader macro-reforms of the early 1990s) spurred some
unprecedented innovations and changes in the food sector
driven by private investment. These impressive achievements
must now be viewed in light of the policy and investment

This study seeks to understand how
materials scarcity and competition from alternative uses
affects the potential for widespread deployment of solar
electricity in the long run, in light of related technology
and policy uncertainties. Simulation results of a computable
partial equilibrium model predict a considerable expansion
of solar electricity generation worldwide in the near
decades, as generation technologies improve and production