To date, all global assessments have concurred that Africa is the Earth’s most vulnerable region to climate change. The severity of Africa’s vulnerability to climate change was confirmed by the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Moreover, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society is warning of an El Niño that could result in above-average rainfall in the Horn of Africa. In spite of all these challenges, Africa’s determination to rise has never been stronger.

The proper management of water resources
plays a key role in the socioeconomic development of
Armenia. On average, Armenia has sufficient water resources.
Taking into account all available water resources in the
country, Armenia has sufficient resources to supply
approximately 3,100 cubic meters per capita per year well
above the typically cited Falkenmark water stress indicator
of 1,700 cubic meters per capita per year. These water

This study explores the changing
opportunities for children in Africa. While the definition
of opportunities can be subjective and depend on the
societal context, this report focuses on efforts to build
future human capital, directly (through education and health
investments) and indirectly (through complementary
infrastructure such as safe water, adequate sanitation,
electricity, and so on). It follows the practice of earlier

Utopías en la era de la supervivencia. Una interpretación del Buen Vivir, hermosa escritura-investigación del colombiano Omar Felipe Giraldo.

Dos acontecimientos inseparables: la manera como habitamos la Tierra, y la manera como la Tierra permite que la habitemos. Abya Yala significa buen vivir-tierra generosa, tierra en florecimiento. Para los quechuas, buen vivir se expresa como sumak kawsay, dos palabras con fuerza ética en tanto que se refieren a cómo habitar el ethos, o sea la casa del hombre, la tierra generosa, madre nutricia y permanente, que permite el permanecer.

Bhutan has recently made significant
progress in sustaining economic growth and reducing poverty.
Bhutan also has valuable deposits of primary materials
including dolomite, lime stone, gypsum, quartzite, stone,
and marble, which are useful for fabrication of other
materials. Thus, a significant part of Bhutan's current
and prospective economic gains come from use of natural
resources called, green sectors. The basic message in this

The pattern of global land use has
important implications for the world's food and timber
supplies, bioenergy, biodiversity and other eco-system
services. However, the productivity of this resource is
critically dependent on the world's climate, as well as
investments in, and dissemination of improved technology.
This creates massive uncertainty about future land use
requirements which compound the challenge faced by

Hydropower development makes an
essential contribution to reducing poverty, boosting shared
prosperity, and improving sustainability. Water storage
associated with some hydropower projects can also make
important contributions to water and food security and to
climate resilience. The World Bank Group (WBG) thus uses
multiple instruments to support sustainable and responsible
hydropower projects of various sizes and types, depending on

Conventional wisdom holds that
Sub-Saharan African farmers use few modern inputs despite
the fact that most growth-inducing and poverty-reducing
agricultural growth in the region is expected to come
largely from expanded use of inputs that embody improved
technologies, particularly improved seed, fertilizers and
other agro-chemicals, machinery, and irrigation. Yet
following several years of high food prices, concerted

Nonseparable household models outline
the links between agricultural production and household
consumption, yet empirical extensions to investigate the
effect of production on dietary diversity and diet
composition are limited. Although a significant literature
has investigated the calorie-income elasticity abstracting
from production, this paper provides an empirical
application of the nonseparable household model linking the

China's national leaders have
recently made a priority of changing lanes from a
pollution-intensive, growth-at-any-cost model to a
resource-efficient and sustainable one. The immense
challenges of rapid urbanization are one aspect of the
problem. Central-local government relations are another
source of challenges, since the central government's
green agenda does not always find willing followers at lower

Land use patterns are the consequence of dynamic processes that often include important legacy issues. Evaluation of past trends can be used to investigate the role of path dependence in influencing future land use through a reference “business as usual” (BAU) scenario. These issues are explored with regard to objectives for woodland expansion in Scotland as a major pillar of climate change policy.

International agreements on climate change have highlighted the role of land in climate and human dynamics, making it an issue of global importance. The modelling of land-related processes, sectors, and activities has recently become a central topic in economic and policy theory, as well as within environmental sciences. Modelling strategies have been improved and new datasets have come into light for land-cover and land-use change analysis.