This paper develops the structural
Ricardian method, a new approach to modeling agricultural
performance using cross-sectional evidence, and uses the
method to study animal husbandry in Africa. The model is
intended to estimate the structure beneath Ricardian results
in order to understand how farmers change their behavior in
response to climate. A survey of over 5,000 livestock
farmers in 10 countries reveals that the selection of

This study analyzes CO2 emissions
reduction targets for various countries and geopolitical
regions by the year 2030 in order to stabilize atmospheric
concentrations of CO2 at the level of 450 ppm (550 ppm
including non CO2 greenhouse gases). It also determines CO2
intensity cuts that would be needed in those countries and
regions if the emission reductions were achieved through
intensity-based targets while assuming no effect on

This paper has been prepared in
accordance with the terms of reference for a study on power
system planning in India: incorporating externality costs
and benefits. It reviews estimates of the external costs of
power in international studies as well as in India and
compares the figures available. It also comments on the
validity of the external cost estimates available and the
use made of them in power system planning and regulation

This study answers the key questions on marine protected areas (MPAs) by assessing country experience with these and other tools along the marine management area continuum that have been adopted to address loss of biodiversity and fisheries and other marine resource degradation, which have eroded traditional use rights and cultural identify.

The overall goal of this report is to
give strategic focus to implementation of the agricultural
water management (AWM) components of the corporate
strategies. Its specific objectives are to set out the
changing context of demand and supply for agricultural
water; to identify the policy, institutional, and incentive
reform options that will accelerate productivity
improvements and pro-poor growth; and to articulate

This study analyzes the
interrelationship between local benefits and global
environment benefits in the Global Environment Facility
(GEF) strategies and projects in order to: Enhance GEF
policies, strategies, and project design and implementation
so these can effectively promote the potential for local
gains in those global environmental programs where actors
need to be mobilized for long-term support of sound

Agricultural water management is a vital
practice in ensuring reduction, and environmental
protection. After decades of successfully expanding
irrigation and improving productivity, farmers and managers
face an emerging crisis in the form of poorly performing
irrigation schemes, slow modernization, declining
investment, constrained water availability, and
environmental degradation. More and better investments in

The purpose of the Third Overall
Performance Study (OPS3), commissioned by the Global
Environment Facility (GEF) Council, is "to assess the
extent to which GEF has achieved, or is on its way towards
achieving its main objectives, as laid down in the GEF
Instrument and subsequent decisions by the GEF Council and
the Assembly, including key documents such as the
Operational Strategy and the Policy Recommendations agreed

The important role of biomass fuels
today. Timor Leste is a relatively small country located in
the eastern part of Timor Island with an area of about 1.5
million ha and an estimated 2007 population of 1.0 million.
At about US$550 GDP per capita, it is one of the least
developed countries in the world, with an estimated 40
percent of the population in poverty. However, the
development of offshore oil and gas resources in partnership

The power sector in India plays a
fundamental role in the economic development process. The
country faces formidable challenges in meeting its energy
needs in an environmentally sustainable manner and at
reasonable costs. The planning and operation of the sector
has hitherto been conducted without due regard to the
environmental consequences. As a result, additions to
capacity in recent years have been sub-optimal. Moreover

Population growth combined with economic growth will increasingly stress water resources and this has the potential to be the dominant environmental and possibly the most important development issue facing Bangladesh in the coming half century.

The relative contribution of a sector to poverty reduction is shown to depend on its direct and indirect growth effects as well as its participation effect. The paper assesses how these effects compare between agriculture and non-agriculture by reviewing the literature and by analyzing cross-country national accounts and poverty data from household surveys. Special attention is given to Sub-Saharan Africa.