En la década de los setenta del pasado siglo XX, y más claramente en la siguiente, se hizo patente en Europa el escepticismo sobre la eficacia de los instrumentos para el diseño de las políticas de desarrollo regional.
All countries have a formal economy and an informal economy. But, on average, in developing countries the relative size of the informal sector is considerably larger than in developed countries. This paper argues that this has important implications for housing policy in developing countries. That most poor households derive their income from informal employment effectively precludes income-contingent transfers as a method of redistribution.
Covers farming, personal and demographic data in the sample areas, working conditions, minimum wages, ownership of livestock and tenure rights, living conditions, human and labour relations, occupational health and safety, HIV/AIDS, conclusions and recommendations. Key research questions included the impact of the 2003 minimum wage legislation on living standards and employment levels, health and safety issues, land use rights and gender-based differences in employment conditions.
Discusses controversies generated by recent South African legislation (the Communal Land Rights Act), shows how these echo debates in the wider African context, and explores potential solutions to reform of ‘customary’ land tenure regimes. Argues that the most appropriate approach to tenure reform is to make socially legitimate occupation and use rights the point of departure for both their recognition in law and for the design of institutional contexts for mediating competing claims and administering land.
En este trabajo se analiza la legislación sobre la ocupación y propiedad de la tierra, promulgada entre el período colonial y 1880. Desde un punto de vista comparativo se señalan los aspectos de continuidad y ruptura en la normativa, destacando la manera en que las nuevas leyes fueron modificando a las más antiguas. Por otro lado, se exponen las discusiones historiográficas, verificando el avance de los estudios, las cuestiones que no se han trabajado y las que han motivado mayor debate.
This report deals with the impact of violence against women in the Occupied Territories in the context of conflict, including violence committed by the Israeli state or its agents; the collapse of the rule of law within the Occupied Territories leading to a lack of implementation of existing laws; and the worsening effects of existing discrimination in both law and practice. This report highlights the gender related impact of violations committed by the Israeli forces in the context of conflict.
El estudio del Chaco, adquiere especial relevancia, por que allí se encuentra el tercer grupo étnico más grande del país, resistente en la colonia y rebelde en el primer siglo de la República. Al mismo tiempo, se establecieron un conjunto de habitantes con múltiples intereses y, desde la colonia, la hacienda ganadera ha ido consolidando espacios y construyendo una suerte de paralelo en la historia.
Contains background, policy responses (PRSP, LSSP, national gender policy), legal responses (Constitution, co-ownership, Land Bill 1997 and Matembe Clause, Land Act 1998 and Consent Clause, Land Amendment Bill 2003), challenges, way forward, annexes.
Includes the dimension of poverty and the need for land; colonisation and decolonisation; the imposition of globalization; indispensable but sufficient; constructing/ building the institutional framework in Mozambique. Cites the key issues cited by Mozambican civil society – no to landless people in Mozambique; no to absentee landowners, those who let the land and do not invest; recognition of testimonial proof of land occupation by the poor; incorporation of common law systems into the legal framework; and stop the bi-modal approach for agricultural development.
