Recent increases in production of
crop-based (or first-generation) biofuels have engendered
increasing concerns over potential conflicts with food
supplies and land protection, as well as disputes over
greenhouse gas reductions. This has heightened a sense of
urgency around the development of biofuels produced from
non-food biomass (second-generation biofuels). This study
reviews the economic potential and environmental

The overall goal of the analysis
presented in this report is to advance the understanding and
integration in operational terms of environmental water
allocation into integrated water resources management. The
specific objectives of this report are the following: 1)
document the changing understanding of environmental flows,
by both water resources practitioners and by environmental
experts within the Bank and in borrowing countries; 2) draw

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Agropecuarias)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2012.

Se efectuaron análisis tafonómicos sobre restos de fauna de vertebrados del alero Punta de la Peña 4 en Antofagasta de la Sierra, dentro de sus niveles estratigráficos vinculados a economías agropastoriles (capas 1 a 3). A partir de su estudio se obtuvo información ateniente a las pautas culturales de consumo y procesamiento humano sobre rebaños de llamas , y las actividades sobre caza de vicuñas. En los resultados se observó un predominio del consumo y procesamiento de llamas por sobre el de las vicuñas.

These Regulations make provision for the declaration, administration and management of wildlife management areas and the establishment of Community Based Organizations for such administration and management. They also provide for non-consumptive and consumptive utilisation of resources of wildlife management areas, the resolution of disputes and management of conflicts in such areas and define offences.Any village intending to designate an area as a Wildlife Management Area shall first establish a Community Based Organization in the manner prescribed under the Trustees’ Incorporation Act.

These By-laws, approved by the Minister in terms of section 90 of the Rural District Councils Act, shall apply to communal and resettlement land within the Makonde Rural District Council. They allow the Makonde Rural District Council to prepare a plan for- (a) all communal or resettlement land within the Council area; or (b) any ward or combination of wards in communal and resettlement land within the Council area; or (c) any part of award or wards in communal and resettlement land within the Council area. The By-laws set out the procedure for preparation and adoption of the Plan.

Degraded lands are common in human-influenced tropical semiarid areas, and the potential for C sequestration through rehabilitation of these areas is substantial. In this study, we investigated changes in ecosystem C stocks (ECS) after establishing exclosures on degraded communal grazing lands, and identified easily measurable biophysical and management-related factors that can be used to predict ECS restoration in the highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia. We selected replicated (n = 3) 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-yr-old exclosures and paired each exclosure with an adjacent communal grazing land.

Over the last 20 years, a change in traditional land use practices has taken place in central Germany. Formerly species-rich dry grassland communities have been converted into communities with greatly reduced diversity in many places. Whereas grass species have expanded, several forbs have declined in abundance. For the present study, plant–plant interactions were assessed between the expanding grass Festuca rupicola and the forb Dianthus carthusianorum – two typical, companion grassland species – to ascertain any associated effects of land use change.

Livestock grazing is an important form of land use, affecting ecosystems worldwide. In ecoregions that evolved with low densities of large ungulates, such as those in the western United States, there is ongoing debate as to the appropriate concentrations of livestock that can be sustained. Limited landscape-scale monitoring makes it difficult to pinpoint the landscape-scale impacts of livestock on ecosystems.

Mediterranean ecosystems are global hotspots of biodiversity threaten by human disturbances. Growing evidence indicates that regeneration of Mediterranean forests can be halted under certain circumstances and that successional stages can become notoriously persistent. The Mediterranean sclerophyllous forest in central Chile is been largely transformed into savannas dominated by the invasive legume tree Acacia caven as result of interacting management and ecological factors.