The MISP II aims at initiating a process of sustainable income generation for vulnerable households in Erbil and Sulaymaniyah Governorates of KRG through increased employment and self-employment of household members (beneficiaries). The vehicle for this desired development is technical and business management training of selected beneficiaries undertaken by a number of project trained trainers (TOTs) and a toolkit programme supporting the trainees (TOBs) in performing their acquired skills as employed or self-employed.

This paper explores how a 'conflict and violence sensitive' framework in project assessment, design and implementation facilitates early identification and mitigation of negative consequences of competition and dispute, and promotes sustainable development over the longer term. It discusses the role of renewable resources in perpetuating conflict and violence, and distills lessons from selected development programming experiences in managing conflict risks associated with these dynamics.

Reforms in recent decades have sharply reduced the distortions affecting agriculture in developing countries, particularly by cuts to agricultural export taxes and by some reductions in government assistance to agriculture in high-income countries, but international trade in farm products continues to be far more distorted than trade in nonfarm goods. This paper summarizes a series of empirical studies that focus on the effects of the remaining distortions to world merchandise trade for poverty and inequality, especially in developing countries.

The Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) for Timor-Leste identifies environmental priorities through a systematic review of environmental issues in natural resources management and environmental health in the context of the country's economic development and environmental institutions. Lack of data has been the main limitation in presenting a more rigorous analysis. Nevertheless, the report builds on the best available secondary data, presents new data on the country's wealth composition, and derives new results on the costs of water and air pollution.

This paper sketches a macroeconomic scenario for China for 2010-20. Growth accounting exercise finds that, with both the working population and total factor productivity on course to decelerate, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth is likely to moderate in the coming 10 years, despite still sizeable capital deepening. Actual GDP should grow broadly as fast as potential GDP, continuing the track record since the late 1990s.

In many cities of Brazil, social inequality is illustrated by violence, poverty, and unemployment located next to luxurious residential towers and armored passenger cars. In the face of this situation, the National Movement of Urban Reform encouraged the inclusion of the social function of property in Brazil's new constitution of 1988. Surface rights represent an urbanistic instrument in the city statute that is best aligned to the constitutional principles and urban policies.

Por más de dos décadas, en la Región de Aisén, en la Patagonia chilena, se vienen proponiendo modelos y estrategias de desarrollo innovadoras en busca de sustentabilidad. Estas propuestas han estado acompañadas con diversos intentos de ordenamiento territorial, aprovechando su escasa ocupación, lo cual en el último tiempo ha colisionado con intereses económicos./For over two decades, in the Aisen Region in the Chilean Patagonia, have been proposing models and innovative development strategies for sustainability.

El tratamiento de los corredores fluviales en la planificación urbanística española, y en particular madrileña, ha pasado de considerarlos como límite a la expansión urbana (S. XIX), a tratar de conferirles una función recreativa y de ocio (1920-1960), a mirarlos como espacio de oportunidad para el desarrollo urbano e industrial (1960-80) y finalmente a concebirlos como espacios a proteger del desarrollo urbano (1980-2007).

Le présent décret crée l’Etablissement public foncier de Bretagne, un établissement public de l'Etat, à caractère industriel et commercial, doté de la personnalité morale et de l'autonomie financière. Cet établissement est habilité dans la région Bretagne à : procéder à toutes les acquisitions foncières et opérations immobilières de nature à faciliter l'aménagement au sens de l'article L.

This article examines the evolution of policy recommendations concerning rural land issues since the formulation of the World Bank’s “Land Reform Policy Paper” in 1975. That paper set out three guiding principles: the desirability of owner-operated family farms; the need for markets to permit land to be transferred to more productive users; and the importance of an egalitarian asset distribution.

This paper empirically explores the political-economic determinants of why governments choose to tax or subsidize trade in agriculture. The authors use a new data set on nominal rates of assistance (NRA) across a number of commodities spanning the last five decades for 64 countries. NRAs measure the effect on domestic (relative to world) price of the quantitative and price-based instruments used to regulate agricultural markets. The data set admits consideration of both taxes and subsidies on exports and imports.