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The paper offers two models for looking at land reform as a human rights issues in Namaqualand, South Africa. It argues that South African land reform needs to be grounded in a human rights and policy discourse in local, real-world entitlement processes. It uses two theoretical models: an environmental entitlement framework: analyses how people turn resources into endowments, entitlements and capabilities. It emphasises diversity of stakeholders, differentiated communities and the dynamics of institutions and power relations a discourse theory: used to analyse mediation, coherence and gaps between human rights doctrines, national policy and local perceptions. A political ecology perspective widens this approach by using environmental history and discourse analysis to examine how perceptions and practices of ‘rightful’ use of the environment have come into being
