Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 711 - 715 of 1046Regional Law No. 7 "On cultural heritage".
This Regional Law regulates relations in the sphere of conservation, management , promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage and is aimed at ensuring constitutional right of citizens related to access to cultural heritage. Objects of cultural heritage shall be considered immovable property and shall include natural landscapes, recreational urban forests and parks. Land within the boundaries of territories of cultural heritage recorded in the public register of the objects of cultural heritage shall be considered land of historical and cultural heritage.
Regional Law No. 55-oz "On regulation of turnover of agricultural land".
This Regional Law regulates relations concerning turnover of agricultural land and shares of agricultural land in common property. Minimum land area of consolidated agricultural land plot shall be 0.5 ha. Maximum agricultural land area within the boundaries of a single administrative-territorial unit that can be owned by a single family with close relatives or by a single legal person of which make part a single family with close relatives shall not exceed 10 percent of total agricultural land area.
Regional Law No. 50-OZ "On conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage".
This Regional Law regulates relations in the sphere of conservation, management, promotion and state protection of the objects of cultural heritage.
Regional Law No. 59 “On realization of the right of citizens with three and more children of acquisition free of charge in ownership of the plots of land”.
The scope of this Regional law shall be to ensure the right of citizens with three and more children for acquisition free of charge in ownership of the plots of land pertaining to state or municipal property.
Regional Law No. 422 "On cases of allotment free of charge in ownership of the plots of land pertaining to state or municipal property".
This Regional Law establishes cases of allotment free of charge in ownership of the plots of land pertaining to state or municipal property.