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Regional Law No. 94-GD “On land”.

Legislation
Marzo, 2005
Rusia

This Regional Law regulates land relations within the framework of plenary powers transferred to the regional executive bodies by the federal legislation. Regional Government shall perform the following plenary powers: (a) decision-making related to expropriation, including bailout, in cases envisaged by acting legislation; (b) land reclamation; (c) modalities of calculation of land lease and land rent payment for public land pertaining to regional ownership; (d) validation of cadastre land evaluation; and (e) application of land use restrictions.

Condition of rural land markets in Azerbaijan

Reports & Research
Diciembre, 2004
Central Asia
Azerbaijan
Eastern Europe

Azerbaijan Republic is in the Southern Caucasus, between longitudes 444 and 522 East and latitudes 388 and 422 North. Its territory is 86,400 square km. The country has a population of 8,000,000 and borders on the Russian Federation in the North (390 km), the Iran Islamic Republic in the South (765 km), Turkey in the South-west (13 km), Armenia in the West (1,007 km) and the Georgian Republic in the North-west (480 km). Azerbaijan is on the western coast of the Caspian Sea with a coastline of 713 km.

Georgia land market development project

Reports & Research
Diciembre, 2004

A two-pronged agricultural land reform was devised in Georgia to move toward a market- oriented economy, one prong being the distribution of land parcels of up to 1.25 hectares in ownership to rural families (the “small parcel” approach), and the second being the leasing of the remaining state-owned land in larger allotments to physical and legal entities. The land reform program was intended to create a self-maintaining sector of subsistence-oriented small farmers and a market-oriented sector controlled by larger leaseholders.

Agricultural land market in Bulgaria

Reports & Research
Diciembre, 2004

The land fragmentation in Bulgaria is a big problem after the land restitution. As a result of the implementation of the activities according to the Law on Ownership and use of agricultural land, land reallocation plans by Territories Belonging to Settlements (TBSs) were drawn up and came into force for the entire territory of the country. There were established about 10 million land properties, belonging to approximate 2 million owners, which means that the average area of a property is about 0,6 ha, including perennial plantations, meadows, and pastures.

The state of cadastre, land market and real property development in Serbia and Montenegro

Reports & Research
Diciembre, 2004

The paper provides basic sharacteristics of Real Estate Cadastre as a unique record system of real estate and registration rights with overview regarding its implementation and ways of managing Land Cadastre and Land Books. The problems of unique record system have been emphasized due to its inclusive real estate date and registration of rights. In the paper there are also presented some other problems which has negative effects regarding the land reform process in Serbia.

Land market development in the Czech Republic

Reports & Research
Diciembre, 2004

Land market in the Czech Republic is monitored by Research Institute of Agricultural Economics on the sample of 24 districts (1/3 of the CR). Land prices depend on the area, culture and region of the plot. Sales of small plots (up to 1 ha) prevail. These plots are usually purchased for non-agricultural use and their prices are many times higher than prices of large plots (above 5 ha) which are usually bought for agricultural purpose. Land market is not well developed, only 0.2 - 0.4 % of monitored area are sold each year. But in the last years it is increasing.

Land Code.

Legislation
Octubre, 2004
Turkmenistán

This Land Code stipulates that land shall be public property protected by the state and shall be rationally and efficiently managed. It regulates land relations and applies to natural and legal foreign and domestic persons and to foreign states and international organizations.

Law No. 354 “On the formation of real estate objects”.

Legislation
Octubre, 2004
Moldavia

This Law determines the procedure for the formation of real estate objects depending on their owner and intended use of the object of real estate. The scope of this Law shall be the formation of real estate as independent objects of law by separation of a part of the object, subdivision, consolidation, combining or re-distribution of objects registered in cadastre, and registration of the formed objects of real estate.

Sachsen-Anhalt Land Survey Geo-Information Law.

Legislation
Septiembre, 2004
Alemania

The present Law lays down provisions relating to land survey and information on geo-data. The text consists of 23 articles divided into 5 Parts as follows: General provisions (1); Land survey (II); Land survey register (III); Geo-basis information system (IV); Final provisions (V).

Repeals: Sachsen-Anhalt Land Survey Geo-Information Law. (1998-11-21)

Calculus of variations and its application to division of forest land

Agosto, 2004

The paper deals with an application of the least squares method (LSM) for the purposes of division and evaluation of land. This method can be used in all cases with redundant number of measurements. The traditional procedure of calculus of variations with the use of Lagrangian function is shown. If some additional conditions are included in the calculation, it is possible to evaluate the degree of deformation of the selected solution in relation to the measured quantities.