Restrictive soil layers commonly known as hardpans restrict water and airflow in the soil profile and impede plant root growth below the plough depth. Preventing hardpans to form or ameliorate existing hardpans will allow plants root more deeply, increase water infiltration and reduce runoff, all resulting in greater amounts of water available for the crop (i.e. green water).

Study was conducted to determine turnover of water, nitrogen and energy in lactating Holstein x Boran cows. Nine cows (Bos indicus × B. taurus) between their 42nd and 420th the days of lactation were selected for this study. The crossbred cows had ad libitum access to water and a dried maize stover/lablab mixture (3:1), and received 3.2 kg of concentrate (wheat bran, molasses, bone meal) and 3 kg of fresh Napier grass per day.

Most African countries underwent water legislation reform since the 1990s, through

which existing plural legal systems were changed into nation-wide permit systems, in

which the state acts as custodian of the nation’s water resources. Although globally

heralded as the best way to manage water resources within the broader context of

Integrated Water Resource Management, this project examines the problematic

implications of the new laws for the majority of the rural and peri-urban poor. Since time

In early May 2011, people working on the Nile Basin Development Challenge (http://nilebdc.org) met in Addis Ababa in a 'science and reflection workshop'. In this session 4 of the workshop, participants discussed what-how-why of some of the different aspects of water and productivity across Nile projects. This video contains video reports from the group discussions

High elevation páramo (wetland) ecosystems in the Andes are important water sources for local communities and downstream agricultural and urban users. These headwater catchments, however, are often impacted by human activities (eg agricultural production) that affect both stream water quality and flow. Knowledge about water availability, quality, and use is essential for effective management but is often lacking, particularly in smaller mountain communities.