Cambodia has a land area of 181 035 square kilometers and a population of almost 14 million people (2008). In 2008, about 82 percent of the households lived in rural areas. A large majority of these households engage in rice- based agriculture, collection of forest products and livestock production. The agricultural sector generates about 32 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and provides employment to about 80 percent of the country’s labour force. The sector is dominated by small farm households who are mainly engaged in subsistence production.

Building upon the technical paper containing a review of the existing literature on the potential costs and benefits of adaptation options (FCCC/TP/2009/2), this report synthesizes information contained in submissions from Parties and relevant organizations, and other relevant sources, on efforts undertaken to assess the costs and benefits of adaptation options. A summary of lessons learned and good practices is provided.

In 2010, the ILC Secretariat decided to update information contained in the 2004 publication, so as to have a new basis to work more closely with and through CEDAW at national level. The update gives more visibility to the CEDAW Committee’s Concluding Observations and, accordingly, also to the CSOs’ shadow reports feeding them. This inclusion offers a more critical and comprehensive, if preliminary, overview of the situation of rural women in selected countries. NOTE: The 2004 publication is also available through this site.

Vietnamese land-tenure policy reforms were embedded into general economic reforms (Doi Moi), enabling the country’s transition toward a market economy. Since 1998, they were implemented incrementally together with complementary instruments such as agricultural market liberalization and new economic incentives. Major steps included disentangling socialist producer cooperatives and assigning land-use rights to its former members, developing and adapting a national legal framework (Land Law), and enhancing tenure security through gender-balanced inheritable land-use certificates.

The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to describe the legal and institutional framework governing land in Cambodia, as well as the current status of land ownership and use; (2) to estimate the impact of access to land on human development and the potential benefits from land reforms; and (3) to discuss implications for land polices and challenges for implementing land reforms.

The dramatic increase in migration and settlement in several areas where indigenous people live is leading to a multitude of problems for the original inhabitants. Lowland immigrants are taking advantage of the vulnerable situation of indigenous people, and the absence of regulations, to lay claim to the people’s traditional lands. Illegal land transactions are taking place at an alarming rate without thought of the problems that would result from widespread landlessness among indigenous peoples or the impact this is likely to have on the remaining forested areas.

 
La obra jurídica elaborada por María Clara Galvis Patiño y Ángela María Ramírez Rincón sistematiza y analiza decisiones judiciales de altas cortes de nueve países de América Latina: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panamá y Perú.
El citado Digesto refleja los debates y problemas jurídicos que han tenido que resolver los jueces ante el alto número de conflictos sociales relacionados con la propiedad de la tierra, el territorio y los recursos naturales de los pueblos indígenas.

Documento que entrega SIPAE, atendiendo a las observaciones de la Presidencia de la Comisión de Soberanía Alimentaría de la Asamblea Nacional; y, a la Conferencia Nacional de Soberanía Alimentaria.

Este texto muestra cómo las comunidades de hoy están ante el desafío de emprender un papel protagónico en la constitución del Estado nacional y de su propio desarrollo con las autonomías indígenas originarias campesinas y para ello están poniendo en práctica sus mecanismos de resolución de conflictos, normas e instituciones para, de esta manera, esclarecer y consolidar sus derechos de propiedad sobre la tierra.

El Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (IPDRS) ofrece el presente artículo que surgió de la reflexión de la temática de tierras en Argentina. La autora hace una descripción de la problemática del acceso a la tierra y las acciones concretas que el Gobierno de ese país ha realizado para cambiar esa situación. De esta forma, el presente artículo sirve como un documento descriptivo del problema de la tierra y plantea una visión crítica a la situación actual.

(*) Ismael Guzmán
 
Entre julio y septiembre del presente año Bolivia vivió, paso a paso, en un dramático suspenso, el recorrido de seiscientos kilómetros de la VIII Marcha protagonizada por los pueblos indígenas de las tierras bajas del país, demandando que una carretera destinada a unir los departamentos de Beni y Cochabamba no atraviese el Territorio Indígena Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS). Luego de tensas negociaciones, en La Paz, el presidente Evo Morales promulgó una Ley que suspendía el tramo, pero no todo estaba dicho...

This paper explores the effect of land titling on agricultural productivity in Vietnam and the productivity effects of single versus joint titling for husband and wife. Using a plot-fixed-effects approach our results show that obtaining a land title is associated with higher yields, for both individually and jointly held titles. We conclude that there is no trade-off between joint titling and productivity, and so joint titles are potentially an effective way to improve women’s bargaining power within the household with no associated efficiency losses.