Over six decades of ethnic conflict in Myanmar have generated displacement crises just as long. At the time of writing there are an estimated 640,747 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Myanmar, and 415,373 refugees originating from the country.However, these figures are not fully indicative of levels of forced migration, as obtaining reliable data for IDPs remains difficult, while millions of regular and irregular migrants have also left the country, often fleeing similar conditions to those faced by documented refugees and IDPs.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
"Twenty years after the Burmese junta gunned down pro-democracy protesters, violations of human rights and humanitarian law in eastern Burma are more widespread and systematic than ever. Ten years after the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were submitted, the international response in eastern Burma remains largely ineffective in dealing with a predatory governing regime.

Until a government of Burma is able to accept the role of non-state armed groups as providers for civilian populations and affords them legitimacy within a legal framework, sustained conflict and mass displacement remain inevitable.

Concurrent emergencies in Rakhine and Kachin. Approximately 150,000 persons remain displaced in Kachin and Rakhine States and many more have been affected in the two crises. These emergencies continue to place serious pressure on humanitarian partners to meet the needs of the most vulnerable, in an environment where resources are inadequate and access is challenging.

Text, maps and photos

Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand

Executive Summary:
"Myanmar has been engaged in a process of political change since 2011. A central goal of these reforms
has been the attempt to resolve political conflicts between ethnic armed organisations (EAOs) and the
Myanmar Government. Talks began under the ‘civilian
government’ led by Thein Sein and have continued
under the National League of Democracy (NLD)
-
led Government. However, several years of talks have
produced little concrete progress.
This is a complex peace process, which has only the partial inclusion

Executive Summary: "The instability in Kachin and Shan States that started in
early June 2011 has resulted in the displacement of
populations, loss of lives and livelihoods and damages
to infrastructure. The Kachin State government, local
and community]based organizations have been providing
some assistance to the displaced since the outset of
the conflict. International organizations have been
providing limited assistance through support to local
and community]based organizations, while continuing

ABSTRACT: "Fleeing state-sponsored violence and economic decline in their home country, hundreds
of thousands of Myanmar émigrés have in recent years crossed the border into
Thailand
in search of a better life.
For the estimated 2 million Myanmar migrants now living there,
however, life in Thailand presents its own challenges. With insufficient legal provisions
to handle the influx of migrants, the Thai government has largely turned a blind eye to
abuse and exploitation suffered by migrant workers. Yet despite poor working conditions

List of published books and links to more than 20 online documents, mostly on the Mon, the Karen and internal displacement in Burma/Myanmar ....."Ashley South is an independent writer and consultant, specialising in humanitarian and political issues in Burma/Myanmar and Southeast Asia.

Introduction: "1.1 This ‘Comprehensive Plan Addressing the Needs
of Displaced Persons on the Thailand/Myanmar
(Burma) Border in 2007/8’ has been prepared by t
he Committee for the Coordination of Services to
Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) Regional Office in Bangkok...
1.2 The first CCSDPT/ UNHCR Comprehensive Plan was for 2006 and was drawn up through a participatory
process during 2005. It was presented to the Royal Thai

Für den Energieexport nach Thailand will Burmas Militärregierung einen Großstaudamm bauen, für den Tausende Angehörige der Shan umgesiedelt werden sollen. Der Tasang Staudamm soll am Fluss Salween im zentralen Shan Bundesstaat entstehen. Teile des Gebietes sind bereits entvölkert.
Überblick der Geselschaft für bedrohte Völker über die Pläne zum Bau des Tasang-Staudamms und die Konsequenzen für die einheimische Bevölkerung und die Umwelt.
key words: Tasang-dam, forced relocation, consequences for local population, environmen