Restoring / enhancing soil health is key for sustainable intensification and regenerative agriculture in the Global South, while reducing vulnerability of
smallholder farmers to climate change.
A flexible framework is proposed that can be used to target, monitor and adapt soil health interventions with relevant stakeholders
Development of biological soil health indicators and assessment methods require more research – given the key role of soil biology for soil health/functions

Climate change presents significant challenges to countries worldwide, and Ethiopia is not exceptional (Simane et al., 2016). The nation confronts a wide array of climate risks that pose substantial obstacles to its sustainable development and the well-being of its people. Ethiopia is particularly vulnerable to climaterelated hazards due to its predominantly agricultural economy and large population reliant on rain-fed farming.

ncreasing climate and conflict-related displacement in fragile or conflict-affected states threatens human security and sustainable development around the world. As forced displacement increases and becomes more protracted in length, destination areas—where displaced and host communities often have low adaptive capacity and live side by side, sharing resources related to land, food, and water systems—are particularly exposed to human security risks.

Most people in Niger still rely heavily on agriculture as a source of income. However, low productivity, climate change, soil infertility, pests, and diseases are challenges faced by this sector. As a result, the nation suffers from a severe problem of food insecurity. Many investigations indicate that adopting improved crop varieties(ICVs) increases agricultural productivity. Using information gathered from 1784 farmers, this study assesses the effects of adopting improved crop varieties (ICVs) on household welfare.

The One CGIAR Initiative TAFSSA (Transforming Agrifood Systems of South Asia) prioritizes interdisciplinary farm and landscape level research including an assessment of groundwater availability and sustainable use under scenarios of climate change scenarios and crop diversification. To integrate groundwater and cropping system modelling participatory practices were used to identify potential cropping scenarios in Nalanda, Bihar, through bottom-up exercise in a one-day workshop. This brief presents the methods and findings of this scenario development workshop.

Agriculture, the backbone of the Ethiopian economy, contributes roughly 40% of GDP, more than 75% of employment, and 80% of foreign exchange earnings (FAO, 2019). Ethiopian agriculture relies heavily on natural rainfall, with irrigation used on only about 5% of total cultivated land (Effa et al., 2023). As a result, the sector is highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change

Despite the significant progress made in addressing food insecurity and malnutrition in Kenya, the problem
remains pervasive in Turkana . At the same time, threats of climate change and other risk like Covid 19 have worsened the bleak situation beyond its adaptive limits. Therefore, a genuine need for building interventions that are both responsive to local contexts and resilient to ensure long term development is apparent.

Since 2009, Community-based Breeding Programs (CBBPs) have been successfully implemented in Ethiopia, resulting in significant genetic advancements for the selected traits within the program.

Soil health is the inherent ability of soil to function for agroecosystems productivity and environmental sustainability. With the limitations of nutrients, degradation, water conservation, extreme conditions due to climate change and mounting pressure to produce food, soil health is critical for human existence and thus gaining global debates. Developing and implementing the strategies and action plans to ensure soil health and fertility is also the strategic priority by framework for action biodiversity for food and agriculture.

Foresight research plays a key role in addressing uncertainty, informing decision making, and enhancing the relevance and credibility of policies. The scientific knowledge of foresight literature provides a better understanding of complexity, building resilience, and setting direction in a rapidly changing world. Moreover, it has contributed to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), enabling governments and organizations to design and implement policies based on a thorough and informed approach.

Cocoa production is a major export crop in West African countries such as Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, and Nigeria. These countries collectively contribute to 70% of global cocoa production. Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia, and Togo are leading economies and significant hubs for cocoa production. Cocoa cultivation in West Africa primarily relies on rainfall, with approximately six million hectares of land dedicated to cocoa production.

CGIAR Initiative on Climate Resilience (ClimBeR) focuses on seven representative, low and middle income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America naming Kenya Morocco, Senegal, Zambia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Guatemala.