Four billion people who live on less than two US dollars per day represent in total an enormous purchasing power. Multinational corporations such as Nestlé, Unilever, Danone and Dr. Oetker discovered these markets long ago and now seek to attract this customer group with new products and marketing strategies. It is time to take a close look at the effects of this development on poverty

The basic agricultural structure in Poland consists of small and medium family-owned farmsteads. Public funds grant their support primarily to farmers capable of competing efficiently within the EU market. In most cases, that means farmsteads covering a larger area. It is the real property market that regulates the agrarian structure. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to present the situation on the farmland market in respect to Poland's membership in the European Union.

In the research was submitted agricultural land market in Poland, in the political system transformation conditions, with consideration it function, stimulating the structural change of farming including territorial structure. There were characterized changes occurring in polish country with indication of the following processes: growing strength of agricultural land market, increasing role of agricultural lands' lease and also progressive process of land concentration and changing ownership relations.

The object of the study reflected in the paper is the market sector of agricultural lands in Latvia. The goal set out in this scientific paper is to explore the development trends current in the target sector of the market and identify problems and barriers to successful progress common to the entire real estate market in this country.

Recognition of the importance of institutions that provide security of property rights and relatively equal access to economic resources to a broad cross-section of society has renewed interest in the potential of asset redistribution, including land reforms. Empirical analysis of the impact of such policies is, however, scant and often contradictory. This paper uses panel household data from India, together with state-level variation in the implementation of land reform, to address some of the deficiencies of earlier studies.

Although a large theoretical literature discusses the possible inefficiency of sharecropping contracts, the empirical evidence on this phenomenon has been ambiguous at best. Household-level fixed-effect estimates from about 8,500 plots operated by households that own and sharecrop land in the Ethiopian highlands provide support for the hypothesis of Marshallian inefficiency. At the same time, a factor adjustment model suggests that the extent to which rental markets allow households to attain their desired operational holding size is extremely limited.

Sinds het vrijlaten van de prijs van onverpachte grond, in 1963, heeft er in Nederland zowel eind jaren zeventig als eind jaren negentig een explosieve grondprijsstijging plaats gevonden, gevolgd door een bijna even forse daling. De reële grondprijsontwikkeling laat zien dat beide pieken ongeveer even hoog zijn. Voor elk van de 2 perioden werd in dit onderzoek de prijs afgezet tegen de verhandelde oppervlakte. Dat leverde in beide gevallen een cyclus op.

An inventory of LEI on government land transactions as to nature conservation

Vanuit een theoretisch perspectief wordt de relatie geanalyseerd tussen macro-economie en natuur- en landschaps-ontwikkeling. Het is een poging te komen tot een juiste invalshoek: een denkoefening vanuit economisch-theoretisch perspectief. Allereerst wordt het probleem in verband gebracht met de literatuur over de Groene Kuznetscurve. Op basis daarvan concluderen we dat overheidsbeleid een essentieel onderdeel is van mogelijke relaties tussen macro-economie en natuur- en landschapsontwikkeling. Consistentie is een eis om een optimale combinatie van groei en natuur tot stand te brengen.

Apresentação geral curso a dist¢ncia em regularização fundiária de assentamentos informais urbanos Raquel Rolnik O programa papel passado celso Cantos Carvalho Regularização de assentamentos informais: o grande desafio dos municípios, da sociedade e dos juristas brasileiros Edésio Fernandes Perspectivas para a renovação das políticas de legalização de favelas no brasil Edésio Fernandes O significado do estatuto da cidade para os processos de regularização fundiária no brasil Bet¢nia Alfonsin Regularização fundiária de terras da união Ellade Imparato e Nelson Saule Regularização fundiária

Land market has started to develop extremely in the Czech Republic since 2002. The annual sale and purchase of estates represented 0.2% of the total land resources between 1993-2001. The sale and the purchase represented 2.9% of total land resources after 2002 and especially after the EU accession of the Czech Republic. These values of sale are the highest from the EU countries. On the other side, land prices decreased slightly in comparison with the prices before the EU accession. Prices of agricultural land are significantly lower than in the EU-15.

Bulgaria faced and still is facing many challenges in the accession process to the EU. Free movement of capital, and especially the development of the land market, is one of them. Although a progress has been made, land prices are still below the EU average prices. There are different reasons for this as, for example, very fragmented land after the restitution process, chaotic transactions, lack of bank credits for agricultural purposes, unrealistic expectations after the accession to the EU and others.