Esta versión número 94 de la serie Diálogos que ustedes, nuestros/as suscriptores, reciben quincenalmente, es el último envío del año 2012 que está finalizando. El artículo comienza con un breve recuento de la escalada de asesinatos de líderes campesinos e indígenas que están luchando por acceso, restitución y seguridad jurídica de la propiedad de la tierra en varios países sudamericanos. Luego se repasan algunos datos sobre hitos del desarrollo rural y la integración en la región.

This paper aim to analyze the role that such a concepts like family, inheritance and property played for developing modern Argentine society. Especially how some principles were broken on, while others have been kept on, as the different legal criteria suggests. Rural Law of 1865, Civil Law of 1869 and juridical debates set the interaction rules among different notion of property rights and also different way for labor hiring, either into market rules or out of them. These kind of relations and their coexistent avoided to expand cattle business in a market way.

This book is organized as follows: this
first chapter examines the pattern of structural
transformation in Middle East and North Africa, or MENA and
summarizes the role of various factors examined thoroughly
in the rest of the volume. This second chapter examines the
correlates of this overall disappointing performance. At the
macro level, MENA countries have been unable to maintain
depreciated (undervalued) real exchange rates for long

The forces unleashed by the Arab
political awakening have the power to be transformational.
One critical parameter of success will be whether the Arab
political awakening is accompanied by a concurrent economic
awakening. Economic integration through increased trade and
foreign direct investment (FDI) is one key means available
in the short to medium term to policy makers to put the
Partnership countries on a higher path of sustainable

"Getting the prices right" is
a good starting point but is not sufficient for achieving
environmentally efficient outcomes. Other policy
interventions are often necessary to complement pricing
policies. Moreover, when pricing is not at all feasible,
regulatory and command-and-control policies must be used
instead. This paper focuses on three interrelated themes at
the core of the pricing problem. First, there is the

Recent global initiatives on debt relief
and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade
to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country
computable general equilibrium model to measure the
effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The
findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and
alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient
countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade

Informal settlements are a permanent
feature of South Africa's cities. Estimates from the
General Household Survey by Statistics South Africa show
that more than 26 percent of all households in the
country's six metropolitan areas live in informal
dwellings. The government's policy efforts have focused
on provision of subsidized housing, first introduced as part
of the Reconstruction and Development Program. Through the

The future development of the Tajik
economy will be shaped by its comparative advantage on world
markets. Exploiting comparative advantage enables an economy
to reap gains from trade. Tajikistan's most important
comparative advantage is its hydropower potential, which is
far larger than the economy's domestic requirements.
Yet, high capital costs of building hydropower plants and
the unstable geopolitical situation in the transit region to

In order to check and promote the positive synergies between private companies and rural households, an analysis of past and ongoing experiences of contract farming is required. It represents the main objective of this report. The objectives of this study are to: describe the effects of contract farming schemes, characterize the factors limiting or promoting these various impacts, identify key findings to promote the emergence of positive synergies.

This thematic report is the fifth in a series on housing, land and property rights, and tenure, and land conflict in Liberia. It examines land tenure and conflict from a Liberia/Cote d’Ivoire cross-border perspective within the context of forced displacement caused by the 2010 post-election crisis.

During the past two decades agrarian (‘land and farm’) reforms have been widespread in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), following earlier ones in Asia (China and Vietnam). However, independent family farms did not become the predominant sector in most of Eastern Europe. A new dual (or bi-modal) agrarian structure emerged, consisting of large farm enterprises (with much less social functions than they had before), and very small peasant farms or subsidiary plots.

The primary goal of the "Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests within the Scope of National Food Security" is to achieve food security for all and to support the progressive realization of the right to adequate food within the scope of national food security.