There is a very close relationship between forestry and farming. Both forests and farms are source of food (both from plants and animals), nutrition, health, and livelihoods for family farmers. Besides, forests provide sources for fuel, energy, water and medicines. Forests beautify and contribute to biodiversity in a particular landscape.

The aim of this document is to help countries seeking to develop a REDD+ Forest Reference Emission Level and/or Forest Reference Level (FREL/FRL) under the UNFCCC. The document provides a structural overview of UNFCCC requirements for FREL/FRL construction, summarizing UNFCCC guidance and translating it into elements needed for FREL/FRL construction. A description of possible advantages and risks associated with different options for each of these elements is added to provide some practical considerations to FREL/FRL construction.

Em 1990 Moçambique era considerado o país mais pobre do mundo. Porém, após o fim da guerra civil em 1992, o país tem estado a testemunhar grandes investimentos públicos e privados, uma inflação baixa e estável, taxas de juro em decréscimo o que tem contribuído para um crescimento económico rápido. O África Progress Panel (2014:27) apresenta Moçambique como o 5º país da África com a taxa de crescimento económico média mais rápida no período 2008-2013 (taxa média de 7.25%), apenas atrás da Serra Leoa (taxa média de 9.45%), Ruanda (8,4%), Etiópia (8.37%) e Gana (8.11%).

No mundo e em África, o agronegócio internacional assume novas dimensões nos últimos anos. A procura de extensas áreas no estrangeiro para a produção em grandes plantações de commodities, associada à crescente internacionalização do capital agrário e financeiro em programas bi ou multilaterais é uma das manifestações desse fenómeno.

This article from the World Forestry Congress Proceeding aims to inform policy makers and other key stakeholders about issues and concerns of grassroots stakeholders with regards to REDD+ policy and program development. The lessons shared here are generated from REDD+ capacity development at grassroots level in South and Southeast Asia, covering, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Nepal and Viet Nam. 

Asia-Pacific is a forest conflict hotspot as too often forest governance and management excludes the interests and values of local and indigenous people, who see their rights increasingly diminished as the allocation of forestland to private sector entities and conservation areas intensifies.

Community forestry (CF) has been seen as an optimal method for dealing with the many challenges facing forests in Asia-Pacific region. Many stakeholders, however, are questioning whether CF is proving to be an effective way to improve the livelihoods of the community. This work examines why these doubts persist, putting forward recommendations for addressing barriers to CF development, focusing particularly on commercialization, with the rationale being that after tenure it is the driving force for successful CF.

Research shows that community forestry enterprises (CFE) in community forestry (CF) sites are restricted due to a number of factors: a lack of support by governments, combined with policies that undermine CFE’s viability; misconceptions by governments that communities are unable to manage forests in a sustainable manner;  and regulatory framework that favours private sector and state forest enterprises. These restrictions prevent CF members from developing and commercializing forest products, thereby only allowing them to benefit from their forests through a subsistence approach.

This Government Regulation lays down, in accordance with European Union legislation, conditions of subsidies for afforestation of agricultural land. Subsidies are granted under the following measures: (a) establishment of forest stands; (b) care of forests for five calendar years starting in the year following the year when the forest was established; (c) cessation of agricultural production on wooded land for a period of ten calendar years starting in the year following the year when the forest was established.

The Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries is currently developing a project in conjunction with the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) to create Agri-parks in locations throughout South Africa. These Agri-parks aim to involve smallholders and local producers in the entire process of agriculture to address both food security and poverty. The Department hopes to fight issues such as the 14 million hungry South Africans, unused potential farmland, and the inequality between private agricultural business and the people.

Introduction: "This
might
refer
to
our
relationship
with
the
environment
just
as
well
as
to
that
between
a
man
and
a

woman.

Our
relationship
with
the
environment
requires
careful
attention
for
we
must
take
care
of
it
if