When developing land to meet various human needs, conducting assessments of different alternatives regarding their sustainability is critical. Among different alternatives of land-use, devoting land to bioenergy is relatively novel, in high demand, and important for addressing the energy crisis and mitigating carbon emissions. Furthermore, the competition and disputes among limited land-use for bioenergy and the combination of food production and housing are tense. Thus, which alternative of land-use is more sustainable is an important question, yet it is still under-investigated.

During the different period of architectural design designers attempt to achieve a high level of life quality for all users Architecture and urban planner want to provide a style of design which not only achieves different function for different users with respect to their ethnicity ability age sex capability position and lifestyle but also improve the friendly environment throughout responsive legislation based on longterm planning Although the styles are considered some indicators it is ignored the other important characteristics Therefore the existing styles never achieve the standard le

The Chinese have lived in singleextendedfamily courtyard houses in many parts of China for thousands of years The earliest courtyard house found in China was during the Middle Neolithic period 50003000 BCE The courtyard form signifies Chinese quest for harmony with nature and in social relationships However the 20th century was a significant turning point in the evolution of Chinese courtyard houses this paper provides an overview of this transition It starts by briefly introducing traditional Chinese courtyard houses and their decline since 1949 it then examines the emergence of new courty

Aesthetics is the philosophical study of art and natural beauty and it is indicated by the feelings of pleasure or displeasure which comes from visual and aural elements and artefacts Hence aesthetics depends on the animate or inanimate organization which can be perceived either subjectively or objectively This aesthetic element is uniquely present in the traditional buildings and modern buildings of the southwestern part of Nigeria This study is set out to evaluate and bring into limelight the aesthetic characteristics of traditional buildings and that of the modern buildings how one style

This paper reports on a detailed analysis of the metabolism of the Island City of Mumbai should the Indian Governments proposal for smart cities be implemented It focuses on the environmental impact of increased population density achieved by demolishing existing mediumrise 35 storey housing and replacing it with the proposed highrise 4060 storey towers The resulting increase in density places a burden on the demand on such things as electricity and water and simultaneously increases the output flows of drainage solid waste and greenhouse gas productionAn extended urban metabolism analysis

This article aims at following the traces of the transformation of public sphere in Turkey through its manifestations on urban public spaces with the case study of Taksim Square In this attempt the article illustrates how Taksim square as a public space has been shaped by struggles between different ideologies discourses political decisions and daily activities taking place at personal interpersonal local national supranational and global scales Through this way this article also aims at understanding how these contestations at different scales are affecting people individually and collecti

Historical cities due to its magnificent building in its context have a tremendous influence on the formation of city identity which is created through the interaction of natural social and built elements Unfortunately modernization after the industrial revolution couldnt adapt itself to the vernacular area owing to the fact that cities began to lose their identity and sense of belonging to the environment The new technology of construction lets the cities to expand itself outside but in this transformation some factors which have an influence on the identity of the city have been forgotten

In this article the study assessed the domestication process of humankind within the frame of urbanization and power accumulation Within this framework by giving various examples from chicken farms The study expresses the authors opinions on the analogy of the liberated human beings in cities and the freerange chickens in farms It has also been tried to explain how a city acts as a human farm Cities are governed by the ones holding power similar to the farms are ruled by farmers and humans during their history of civilization have lost their right of deciding on their lives and fates agains

This paper reviews the literature to identify the relationship between tenure security and food security. The literatures on tenure issues and food security issues are not well connected and the scientific evidence on the causal links between tenure security and food security is very limited. The paper explores the conceptual linkages between land tenure reforms, tenure security and food security and illustrates how these vary across diverse contexts.