The effect of prime-age adult death and its consequences on access to land for the survivors has not been fully explored nor incorporated into policy regardless the fact that high adult mortality is now

the lived reality in countries affected by HIV/AIDS, particularly in Africa. This paper explores the

gendered relationships between adult death due to HIV/AIDS and changes in land rights for the

survivors particularly widows. In many African societies, women have traditionally accessed land

EU membership has profound implications for all parts of a country’s economy,

as well as for its relationships with the other countries in Europe and its internal

political structures. Members of the EU must be democracies governed by the rule

of law and which guarantee human rights. They must have functioning market

economies able to withstand the competitive pressures that EU membership brings,

and governmental structures capable of discharging the wide range of obligations

FAO’s Land Tenure Notes provide information on

land tenure in a format that can be used by grassroots

organizations which work with small farmers

and others in rural communities. Improving secure

access to land by the rural poor is essential in order

to reduce poverty and hunger and to promote sustainable

rural development. Improving people’s

knowledge of their rights to land is an important

part of making rights real, thereby allowing people

to improve their livelihoods.

This guide on Access to rural land and land administration after violent conflicts has been prepared to assist land tenure and land administration specialists who are involved with the reconstruction of systems of land tenure and land administration in countries that are emerging from violent conflict. Providing secure access to land is particularly complex in such situations. Violent conflicts typically result in the displacement of much of the population. At the end of the conflict, people returning home may find that others occupy their property.

From the outset, the development of agriculture has been strongly associated

with women’s endeavour. In fact, women’s contribution to agriculture goes

back to the origins of farming and the domestication of animals when the first

human settlements were established more than 6 000 years ago. Over the

years, the division of responsibilities and labour within households and

communities tended to place farming and nutrition-related tasks under

women’s domain. Nowadays, in many societies women continue to be mainly

Reliable subsurface drainage systems for groundwater table and salinity control are needed to

maintain or enhance the productivity of irrigated lands and to contribute to the rural development

of lowlands in the humid tropics.

The purpose of this Paper is to provide this practical information to drainage engineers and

contractors. This Paper is based on the current knowledge of water flow into drainpipes and

envelopes, their properties and applicability.

This publication explores various aspects of the interface between water rights and land tenure. It is intended to synthetize and assess current learning on this topic, to define salient issues and to propose fruitful approaches for further investigation.

In countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the development of arrangements for land consolidation takes place in the wake of the transition to a new private property regime, and in the context of accession to the European Union. The process of institutional change is complex and sensitive to immediate political and economic agendas. It is also determined by other prevailing social, economic and cultural factors.

This report is the outcome of a study undertaken on men and women’s access to and control

over land in seven districts of the Volta Region in Ghana. The study evolved out of a need for

increased insight into gender differences in access to and control over land and the implications of insecure access to land for households within the Volta Region of Ghana.

The objective of the study was to obtain an improved understanding of gender-specific

This publications presents a methodology and software for assessing carbon sequestration that were developed and tested in pilot field studies in Mexico and Cuba. The models and tools enable the analysis of land use change scenarios in order to identifyin a given area (watershed or district) land use alternatives and land management practices that simultaneously maximize food production, maximize soil carbon sequestration, maximize biodiversity conservation and minimize land degradation.

At the request of its member countries, FAO has been carrying out global forest resources assessments (FRA) since 1947, in collaboration with countries and other partners, notably the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The global FRA reports on the worldwide status and trends of forest resources, their management and uses. It is based on nationally validated data from national forest inventories and assessments.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),

ratified by 175 countries, is the only human rights treaty that deals specifically with rural

women. This study, undertaken jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United

Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the

International Land Coalition (ILC), analyses information on the status of rural women as provided

in selected reports to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against