In 2021, the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission in the Gambia, which enjoys a 90 per cent public approval rating, according to a 2021 survey, completed its three-year mandate. It submitted a 17-volume final report to the President in November 2021, which was made public on 24 December. During its tenure, the Commission held 23 public hearings and received more than 2,500 statements with support from a $4.7 million project implemented by UNDP and OHCHR.

The crucial event in the reporting period was undoubtedly Armenia’s war with Azerbaijan. On September 27, 2020 Azerbaijan started its war on Nagorno-Karabakh, a long-disputed region called Artsakh in Armenia, which lasted for 44 days. It ended on November 10, 2020, when Russia facilitated a cease-fire, apparently just after the Azerbaijani forces had captured most of the territories occupied by Armenia in the previous war in the early 1990s, plus a major chunk of Nagorno-Karabakh proper.

During the reporting period, the consolidation of authoritarian rule in Azerbaijan continued. Snap parliamentary elections in February 2020 did not meet international standards for free and fair competition. However, some notorious high-ranking state officials were fired, and corrupt local level administrators detained on corruption charges. These developments, in addition to the appointment of some young professionals to ministerial posts, raised hopes for a possible opening of the country to real reforms and changes.

The ongoing use of landscape-based conflict commodities — diamonds and other minerals, timber, wildlife, etc. — to finance wars continues to evolve. The success with which such commodities can be transacted to support militaries, militias and insurgencies has led belligerents to innovate with additional commodities. Housing, land and property (HLP) rights within war zones have belatedly joined the list of conflict commodities that are subject to transaction, and to such an extent as to warrant significant concern.

El número de defensores/as de derechos humanos de la tierra, territorio y medioambiente (DDH) criminalizados/as ha aumentado en los últimos años, particularmente en América Latina. Los esfuerzos de Trócaire en el pasado se han centrado en estrategias legales que apuntan a liberar a los DDH de la tierra y el medio ambiente en prisión preventiva. Con el tiempo, hemos aprendido que: i.

The Support to Responsible Agricultural Investments (S2RAI) Project promotes internationally recognized principles and guidelines to ensure food and land tenure security for communities in the context of large-scale commercial land investment as well as strengthen the institutional frameworks and coordination structures at federal and regional levels in relations to responsible agricultural investment in Ethiopia.

The Annual Country Reviews reflect upon current land relations in the Mekong Region, and has been
produced for researchers, practitioners and policy advocates operating in the field. Specialists have been
selected from Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam to briefly answer the following two
questions:
1. What are the most pressing developments involving land governance in your country?
2. What are the most important issues for the researcher on land?

O objetivo deste artigo será expor a dinâmica da expansão da soja no estado do Mato Grosso a partir da década de 1980 e analisar os impasses que este processo impôs às políticas de reforma agrária na região. Em um contexto de enorme sucesso econômico agroexportador e de relativa retração do debate acerca da reforma agrária no país, o artigo propõe-se resgatar a atualidade da questão agrária e da luta pela terra no coração do “agronegócio”.

This one-pager provides details on the LAND-at-scale project in Burundi. This project is implemented by ZOA, VNG International and MiPAREC, and financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs via the Netherlands Enterprise & Development Agency. 

context and backgroundDespite the robustness of various land instruments and legal and institutional regulations on various sectors, Tanzania’s land distribution-related policy implementation and practice is facing numerous challenges. Tanzania is not only experiencing poor land conditions, but also poor land management and ineffective policy implementation. Areas of concern includes public policy actions on land conflicts; settlements and housing problems; and conflicting demand for land for mining, large scale agriculture, conservation, tourism, ranching and pastoral nomadism.

 Ethiopia follows a federal state administrative structure. Regional states are organized on ethnic basis. The country has over 85 ethnic groups and languages, but only majority ethnic groups, with few exceptions, have their own standalone regional states.The Constitution of the country categorizes land as a public property and gives land administration responsibilities to regional states. Although the Constitution confirms land access right to all citizens, regional states’ constitutions and land laws put restrictions to prioritize residents.

Insecurity over land ownership in Rwanda was a critical part of the tension between communities. Addressing insecurity around land has consequently been one of the foremost priorities of the post-conflict reforms initiated in Rwanda following the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Rwanda set out to address the issue of land ownership and land-related challenges through passage of several laws and policies.