Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
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Displaying 641 - 645 of 1046Regional Law No. 1803-ZRK amending Regional Law No. 765-ZRK “On maximum agricultural land plot areas allotted out of stock of public and municipal land to citizens in ownership”.
Article 2 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Maximum land area of the plots of agricultural land allotted free of charge to citizens out of the stock of public and municipal land in ownership shall be set forth as follows: (a) for horticulture, gardening, stockbreeding, suburban housing construction – 0.15 ha; and (b) for subsidiary smallholding – 0, 5.ha; and (c) for individual housing construction in rural areas – 0, 15 ha”.
Regional Law No. 436-Z amending Regional Law No 316-Z “On regulation of land relations”.
Article 7-1 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Citizen interested in obtaining in ownership plot of land shall submit written application to the local government containing a copy of identity card or other identifying document and birth certificate (adoption certificate) of children or copies of identity cards thereof”.
Amends: Regional Law No 316-Z “On regulation of land relations”. (2012-12-06)
Regional Law No 316-Z “On regulation of land relations”.
This Regional Law regulates the issues of allotment once-only free of charge of agricultural land plots out of stock of public and municipal land in ownership to some categories of citizens, including multiple children (three and more) families, for peasant farming, subsidiary smallholding, horticulture, gardening and suburban individual housing construction. Order on allotment of land shall be issued and legalized by local government.
Regional Law No. 455-KZ amending Regional Law No. 250-KZ “On allotment of plots of land for individual housing construction”.
Article 5 shall be amended to add the following wording: “5. Allotment of plots of land to citizens with three or more children, registered in the list of citizens having the right to allotment of plot of land and that have not been allotted plot of land shall be performed by local government authority”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 250-KZ “On allotment of plots of land for individual housing construction”. (2013-09-27)
Regional Law No. 99-OZ “On allotment of land plots free of charge in ownership to citizens with three and more children”.
This Regional Law establishes cases of allotment of land plots free of charge in ownership to citizens with three and more children out of stock of public or municipal land. Land plots can be allotted to the aforesaid category of citizens for the following purposes: (a) individual housing construction; (b) suburban housing construction; (c) gardening and horticulture; (d) stockbreeding; and (e) farming.