Issues surrounding customary land governance reforms remain at the forefront of policy reforms in many African countries because of concern over discriminatory rules of access, exchange, and inheritance, corruption, elite capture, and illegal land occupations, (Arko Adjei, 2009). The shortcomings in customary land governance extend to the unfettered authority of customary land trustees, usually, traditional leaders (chiefs and family heads) who retain autonomous control over land as defined by customary norms and practices.

This paper assessed gender inequality in household resources, particularly land ownership, division of labour and decision making as regards climate change adaptation strategies for household food security. The results show that gender inequality exists among the pastoralists in terms of household division of labour, ownership of resources and decision-making such that women do not control important productive resources such as land and livestock which make them more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and less able to adapt to it.

With growing urbanisation trends, cities are facing numerous challenges and are the most vulnerable to climate change. In order to promote sustainable cities and communities it is important to adopt a holistic and integrated approach. The Urban Nexus, which is a relatively recent concept, is an approach to sustainability that seeks to integrate sectors and silos in the design and development process. This paper will look at cities which have already adopted this approach and show the benefits of adopting such an approach.