The spatial structure of land in south-eastern Poland is characterized by a high fragmentation, small farms and a road network that is not adjusted to the requirements of modern, mechanized agricultural production. The patchwork pattern of land ownership is one of the main factors that negatively affect agricultural production. Fields located in an external patchwork can be fully used for agricultural production, but the production costs are higher, and the income from the farm is smaller.

The main tasks of land consolidation are to eliminate land fragmentation and to facilitate farms of optimal size. One of the most important preconditions of land consolidation is forming of optimal size farmland plots in property and use, and land fragmentation, which has a major impact on both the operating conditions and other rural development processes. Land fragmentation bothers not only land management, but also increases transport costs. During the land reform in the rural areas, land plots in ownership and rented land plots are developed per several land units.

Socio-economic development, public safety of local communities and environmental protection are the major pillars of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas in Europe. Land consolidation is a complex and time-consuming undertaking, which requires high expenditures, yet it plays an important role in the policy of sustainable and multi-functional development. The rapid climate change observed in recent years, resulting in a number of unusual weather conditions, has also had an effect on the directions of land consolidation development.

In article 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan stipulates that citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must preserve nature and protect natural resources [1, p.3]. However, in Northern Kazakhstan, located significant areas of arable land to grow crops. We must not forget that arable land is the wealth of our country. It appears that in the world there is a shortage and the loss of arable land. However, the Land code of the Republic of Kazakhstan there is no concept of arable land.

Land consolidation – an important stage of agricultural and rural development. This is a significant land use planning process, when private, municipal and state land parcels located in rural areas are redistributed in a complex way, their boundaries and location are changed by the prepared land consolidation project of a certain area. Recently, there has been a lot of talk about the benefits of land consolidation to farm structure and productivity, restructuring of rural areas and development, but there is not enough emphasis on the benefits of our environment, landscape and biodiversity.

From 9 to 11 November 2016 the ‘symposium on land consolidation and land readjustment for sustainable development’ was held in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. The symposium was a joint initiative from FIG commissions 7 and 8, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), LANDNET, the Dutch Cadastre, Land Registry and Mapping Agency, and supported by Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) and the World Bank. About 200 participants from 50 countries shared their experiences and knowledge about state of the art practices of land consolidation and land readjustment across the world.

Rural construction land consolidation (RCLC) is an innovative approach to coordinating the outmigration of a rural population and the increase in rural housing land, thereby protecting farmland and ensuring food security, adding to urban construction land quotas, and improving the rural habitat environment in China. Since 2005, several different models or approaches to RCLC have been practiced by local governments.

Modern agriculture development possibilities are highly dependent on many factors, including those which are related to the parameters of land spatial structure (including parcels fragmentation and parameters related to their shape). In particular, unfavourable shape of parcels in combination with their small sizes is the most common reason for non-profitability of agricultural production. It is one of the major causes of land abandonment. South Poland is the area of high diversification in terms of the landform, soil quality and spatial structure parameters.

Build database of the Research Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics collecting data on the extent of sale in agricultural land and its average market price in selected districts of Slovakia since 2001 was completed by data of the year 2014. A basis for the database building is formed by the data coming from the real sale and purchase agreements which are registered in the Land Register and were obtained by cooperation with the Research Institute of Geodesy and Cartography.

In this study, determination of farmers’ view on land consolidation applications in İpsala region and its impacts on the changes in agricultural structure were aimed at. With this aim, the investigations were realized in Kocahıdır and Küçükdoğanca villages placed in the land consolidation Project area. The consolidation rates for Kocahıdır and Küçükdoğanca villages were 34 % and 27 %, respectively. The majority of the participated farmers (92 % ) expressed that land consolidation increased farm productions.

From the old times Lithuanian manors were the main centres of diplomacy, administration and culture. The applied land reforms, war and post-war periods and changing regimes altered the structures of the manors; their owners and users changed as well. The number of homesteads of manors and their territory highly decreased. During various periods of time more than 150 manors were present in the current territory of Panevėžys district municipality. The aim of the research is to analyse the land use of the least researched homesteads of former manors in 1923 and 2016.

The land consolidation project of the parts of Vilkaviškis district municipality, Pilviškiai and Klausučiai elderates, Alksnėnai and Sūdava cadastral area is analysed in the article, the main indicators of the project, the meaning of land consolidation, the need to improve the order of the execution and implementation of these activities are described in the article. The survey was carried out to examine the opinion of the participants of the project regarding the advantages of the proceeding and results of the project as well as some of its drawbacks.