This chapter presents and discusses the causes of land degradation, and ways of sustainable land development and agricultural productivity. The evidence presented here suggests several avenues for achieving a world without land degradation. First, efforts to promote sustainable land management need to improve locally and nationally. Second, instead of focusing solely on fertilizer subsidies, countries should use broader and more cost-effective incentives to encourage farmers to adopt integrated soil fertility management.

This study evaluates the potential effects of changes in climate, population and land cover on the
quantity of surface water and groundwater resources in Lake Nakuru and Lake Elmenteita areas.
Multiple linear regression analysis of the variables was done using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) to achieve this objective. Population grows in the area at the rate of 3.4% to
4.5% while natural vegetation cover is diminishing at 2.5% annually. There is constant rise in

Infestation and destruction of rangeland vegetation by subterranean termites is a major constraint to livestock production in the rangelands of Uganda, particularly, in semi-arid Nakasongola. Ethno¬ecological studies on termite dynamics are central to formulation of sustainable termite management strategies in such ecosystems. This study was thus conducted to investigate farmers' traditional ecological knowledge of the termite problem with the intent to build more coherent principles required in the development of appropriate termite management strategies.