El subsidio integral de tierras en Colombia y la reestructuración del minifundio

The Guarani people of the municipality of Macharetí in the department of Chuquisaca Bolivia, for many fought for land titling. Currently and after five titling processes, Macharetí Community Association holds title to 184,757 hectares which include the territory of Yembiguasu land away from the community surrounding the border with Paraguay and now part of the community.

O Território documentário Lomerío: abrigo para a autonomia indígena, reflete todo o processo de um caso de sucesso e emblemático de acesso coletivo à terra pelo povo Chiquitano de comunidade indígena rural de Lomerío em Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolívia. Colonos, as autoridades nativas, representantes do Conselho de Anciãos e crianças da comunidade contar esta história inspiradora.

Article 2(1): 

"1. Civil legislation is based on the recognition of the equality of the participants of the relations regulated thereby, inviolability of property, freedom of agreement, prohibition of arbitrary interference in somebody's private affairs, indispensability of the free exercise of civil rights, and provision for the restitution of violated rights and their defence in the court."

"Article 1. Objectives of the Land Law:

The objectives of the Land Law are to determine the regime on the management, protection and use of land in order to ensure efficiency and conformity with [land-use] objectives1 and with laws and regulations[,] and to contribute to national socio-economic development as well as to the protection of the environment and national borders of the Lao People's Democratic Republic."

From the preamble: "Considering that the UN document titled “Guiding Principles on Internally Displaced Persons” establishes the general principles governing the treatment of internally displaced persons; Given that Angola is a country with high numbers of internally displaced persons resettling and returning to their areas of origin; Having found it necessary to establish the rules governing the resettlement process under the terms of the provisions of paragraph (f) of Article 112 and Article 113, both of the Constitutional Law, the Government decrees the following"

The Act provides for acquisition of private land by the Crown and related procedures.The Act consists of 36 sections divided into 8 Parts: Preliminary (I); Compulsory Acquisition of land and Abandonment of Acquisition (II); Appointment and Powers of Board of Assessment (III); Determination of Small Claims for Compensation (IV); Provisions Governing Assessment of Compensation, etc.

"Article 1:

This law has the objective to determine the regime of ownership for immovable properties in the Kingdom of Cambodia for the purpose of guaranteeing the rights of ownership and other rights related to immovable property, according to the provisions of the 1993 Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia."

This is the general land legislation of Malawi. 

Preamble: "Hong Kong has been part of the territory of China since ancient times; it was occupied by Britain after the Opium War in 1840.  On 19 December 1984, the Chinese and British Governments signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, affirming that the Government of the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997, thus fulfilling the long-cherished common aspiration of the Chinese people for the recovery of Hong Kong.

Article 1: "This Decree details some articles of the Law on Land concerning compensation, support, and resettlement upon land expropriation by the State."

This paper uses District Land and Housing Tribunal (DLHT) as a case study to argue that the principle conceived in the enactment of the law that established the tribunal is far from becoming a reality. It uses data of the past four years to demonstrate that DLHT is overburdened by increment of an average of 2000 pending cases every year. It further shows legal and practical challenges that hinder access to and independence of DLHT. The paper calls for drastic strategic measures to strengthen DLHT in terms of human resources and facilities.