The nature conservation regimes of post-socialist EU countries are multi-layered, consisting of initial components established before Socialism, reinforced and solidified during Socialist period, and changes brought about by the democratic transition. For nature conservation, the transition to democracy led to new political and legal frameworks, the re-allocation of resources and land tenure changes, which Central Eastern European countries approached differently.

Effective protection of biodiversity in areas of high conservation value requires trade-offs between local use of natural resources and conservation restrictions. The compromise is often difficult to reach, which causes conflicts over the management priorities of existing and potential protected areas. Ecosystem services (ES) perspective offers a promising avenue for diagnosing and reconciling contrasting interests concerning the use of benefits from ecosystems.

Conformément aux Directives volontaires pour une gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers, les investissements publics et privés dans le monde reconnaissent de plus en plus la gouvernance foncière responsable comme un déterminant du succès et de la durabilité de leurs réalisations. Les gestionnaires d'investissement comprennent que la prévention et l'atténuation des problèmes liés à la tenure sont une étape nécessaire pour atteindre leurs objectifs.