In response to powerful trends in technology, resource and land supply and demand, socioeconomics and geopolitics, cities are likely to increase use of the subsurface in the near future. Indeed, the subsurface and its appropriate use have been put forward as being of crucial importance if we are to achieve resilient and sustainable cities.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) is the latest contribution to the green concept family. NBS is defined as actions based in nature addressing societal challenges. In this study, we lean on the concept boundary object, broken down into three analytical categories: use, core ideas and granularities, to explore the cohesive and fragmenting powers of the NBS concept, and discuss its future role in green space governance. The study is based on a structured, qualitative review of 112 scientific peer-reviewed publications that use the term NBS.

This paper is presenting research on with possibilities and benefit of applying a customer-oriented approach in public cadastral procedures. Public service providers have raised awareness towards customer-oriented approaches in their procedures during recent decades. This study discusses the relevance of adopting a new approach in cadastral procedures by presenting a new method to obtain a subdivision procedure. This is done by conducting a literature review followed by a description of this new method in Finnish local government, the city of Tampere.

The use of tree-based fallowing as a sustainable land management system may serve as an important developmental pathway out of poverty across drought-prone watersheds in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. This study employs a financial analysis technique, the computation of net present values, to explore the financial viability of farmers’ investments in an intercropping farming system known as taungya. The analysis employs scenarios that include different farming systems, such as A. decurrens (J.C. Wendl.) Willd. cum teff (Eragrostis tef) intercropping, A.

Africa is a continent of youth. However, its high rates of youth unemployment linked to high levels of landlessness suggest a close correlation with youth poverty and access to land. This paper presents the perspective of an approach for capacitating youth through research on land and natural resource tenure in Eastern and Southern Africa.

Impacts of Resettlement on Women’s Land Tenure Security

This paper seeks to assess the effectiveness of the existing legal framework to protect women’s land rights in the face of hydro power-driven resettlement in Laos PDR. Specifically, it seeks to answer the research question, "In Laos, how effective are the resettlement, land laws and policies and related safeguards at ensuring gender-equitable results?”

Agricultural intensification is necessary to meet growing global food demand, but it has potential environmental costs. Some activities associated with intensification, including increased use of fertilizer and other chemical inputs, are documented to have direct negative impacts on air and water quality, soil fertility, and other parts of the ecosystem. The effect of intensification on the amount of land under cultivation is more complex because it depends on accompanying policies, factor markets, and the spatial

Rangelands research in arid and semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa has been reinvigorated by renewed government and donor interest in pastoral livelihoods. The challenges facing productive rangelands remain competition over resources, which has been exacerbated by armed conflict; overuse of some rangelands as fragmentation continues; and the failure of many technical and governance interventions.

In 2020 the CGIAR CAS Secretariat is conducting independent reviews of the 12 CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs), including this one of PIM. The reviews will provide information on quality of science and effectiveness in each CRP. This review covers the Phase II years of 2017 through 2019, with a view to identifying lessons for future research modalities.

These presentations provide an overview of the key research outcomes from the BMZ-funded project on Scaling up Soil Carbon Enhancement for Food Security Across Complex Landscapes in Kenya and Ethiopia. These project results were presented during the final virtual dissemination workshop for the project held on 10th and 11th December 2020. The project has been running for 4 years (Jan 2017 to Dec 2020).

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is implementing
the Program for Climate Smart Livestock (PCSL) in Kenya, Uganda,
and Ethiopia. PCSL is designed to build the capacity of governments,
the private sector, and livestock keepers towards improving livestock
productivity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions while adapting to
climate change. In late November 2020, ILRI held a virtual workshop
with relevant stakeholders to discuss potential transformative pathways
for the livestock sector in Kenya.
PARTICIPANTS

Humanity depends on the existence of healthy soils, both for the production of food and for ensuring a healthy, biodiverse environment, among other functions. COVID-19 is threatening food availability in many places of the world due to the disruption of food chains, lack of workforce, closed borders and national lockdowns. As a consequence, more emphasis is being placed on local food production, which may lead to more intensive cultivation of vulnerable areas and to soil degradation.