ABSTRACTED FROM THE INTRODUCTION: This paper addresses the question of land rights and forest conservation for those on the periphery, i.e. the minority hill-dwelling population, specifically, the Karen. Over the past century, the hill-dwelling Karen in Thailand have transformed their subsistence agriculture from that based primarily on swidden cultivation in secondary forests on the lower hill slopes towards wet-rice cultivation in irrigated paddy fields. In either case, the Karen are in a no-win situation.

ABSTRACTED FROM IIED WEBSITE INTRODUCTION: One of the outputs of a research project considering shifting cultivation in Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam. It considers the dynamics of shifting cultivation and alternative land use systems in the context of highland development in Thailand, gathered in order to provide up-to-date information to policymakers. The study includes examination of national policies relating to highland areas and the impacts of such policies on local communities and land use patterns.

This article explores the nature of property rights systems, their evolution, and their effect on resource allocation. It is argued that certain institutional arrangements for land rights have evolved in order to reduce uncertainty and increase efficiency in credit as well as in land markets. Of particular relevance to developing countries, the article emphasizes the contribution of public sector infrastructure to effective land rights systems.

To provide for the upgrading and conversion into ownership of certain rights granted in respect land; for the transfer of tribal land in full ownership to tribes; and for matters connected therewith.
(Afrikaans text signed by the State President.)
(Assented to 27 June 1991.)
BE IT ENACTED by the State President and the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:

The establishment or upgrading of cadastres and land registration systems is viewed by many as an essential infrastructure investment to be considered by less developed countries. Nevertheless, while many will agree that cadastres and land registration are useful, a decision to actually invest in establishing or expanding these activities will be easier to undertake if it is demonstrated that the resulting benefits are higher than those of other public investments. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to report the results of a recent study undertaken in rural Thailand.

Les terres agricoles plates sont dans les pays en voie de développement la principale ressource de l’économie. Il importe que ces terres soient à la fois cartographies et divisées en parcelles convenablement délimitées.

Cependant la plupart des pays intéressés ont grand besoin de cartes exactes; certains en manquent même totalement. Dans ce cas, il serait déraisonnable de réaliser des levés et des cartes classiques pour délimiter les terres.

Instinctivement, et intelligemment, l'homme veille autant qu'il le peut à ses besoins et c'est dans la société d'autres hommes qu'il y parvient le mieux. Il donne tout naturellement la priorité à sa propre protection et à son propre accomplissement, mais dans le cadre d'un groupe humain où ses responsabilités à l'égard des autres donnent tout leur sens aux droits que chacun revendique pour soi même.

The original and primary owners of lands in. Ghana are the stools or skins. Families and individuals do own lands, the original titles to which are derived from stools or skins- Before 1957, all lands of what was called the Northern Territories were held in trust for the chiefs of the Northern Territories try the Governor whilst Ashanti lands, having being occupied as a result of conquest, were British Crown lands.

Les premiers propriétaires de terres au Ghana sont les chefs

locaux. Les families et les particuliers possedent aussi des terres, dont les titres de propriète sont établis par les chefs.

Dans la pratique, l'Etat dénonça les terres vacantes une à une, au fur et à mesure de ses besoins, par le moyen des "enquêtes de vacance". Ces enquêtes déterminaient par l’organe de fonctionnaires territoriaux spécialement entraines à cet effet, s'il existait sur la terre recherchée, des droits indigènes tels que définis plus haut.

An Act to convert Government leaseholds into rights of occupancy, to disapply the Freehold Titles (Conversion) and Government Leases Act, 1963 and to provide for related matters. 

An Act to provide for the registration of land and for related matters.