In this paper, a GPU-accelerated Cholesky decomposition technique and a coupled anisotropic random field are suggested for use in the modeling of diversion tunnels. Combining the advantages of GPU and CPU processing with MATLAB programming control yields the most efficient method for creating large numerical model random fields. Based on the geological structural characteristics of red-bedded soft rocks in central Yunnan, anisotropic rock random fields and tunnel excavation with various rotation degrees are simulated.

The last century has witnessed European commercial aviation flourishing at the cost of environmental degradation by boosting greenhouse gas and CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. However, the outcry for net-zero emissions compels the sector’s supply chain to a minimum 55% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions below the 1990 level by 2030 and zero CO2 emissions by 2050. This study examines a European environmental sustainability path toward a green commercial aviation supply chain.

Due to the characteristics of sudden occurrence, fast disaster speed, and severe damage, debris-flow disasters can easily result in the loss of human lives and cause serious damage to property and social infrastructure. In this study, taking the debris-flow events in Liaoning province from 1960 to 2020 as the study period, the natural geographical characteristics and key influencing factors of the debris-flow-prone areas were explored utilizing the self-organization mapping clustering method and nonlinear global sensitivity analysis.

Habitat quality and ecosystem service value (ESV) are important foundations for sustainable development. Baoding, as the strategic hinterland of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, is of great significance to regional ecological conservation and sustainable urban development. Based on land-use data from 2000 to 2020, the land-use scenarios of natural development (ND), water protection (WP), forest rehabilitation (FR), and cultivated land protection (CP) in 2030 were predicted by the PLUS model and adopt the InVEST model and equivalent ESV table to assess ecological sustainability.

To promote the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry economy, it is of great significance to guide farmers to consciously pursue pro-environmental behaviors in the development of the understory economy. Based on field survey data from Yong’an city of Fujian Province and Luoshan County of Henan Province, factor analysis and Oprobit models were mainly used to analyze the influencing factors and influencing the degree of the pro-environmental behaviors of farmer households participating in the understory economy.

Malaysia deforested 6.3 million hectares since independence; 91% of which occurred before Malaysia pledged, at the Earth Summit in 1992, to maintain a minimum 50% of its terrestrial area under forest cover. However, under economic and population pressure, Sarawak—the largest contributing state to the country’s current forest cover of 54.8%—shows continuing deforestation even after 1992.

The water quality of the basin is affected by many factors. The unique geological conditions in karst areas create highly heterogeneous geographical characteristics, which makes the relationship between water quality and landscape more complex and uncertain.

Pakistan has an annual deforestation rate of 4.6% which is the second highest in Asia. It has been described by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that the deforestation rate increased from 1.8–2.2% within two decades (1980–2000 and 2000–2010). KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Pakistan’s northwestern province, holds 31% of the country’s total forest resources, the majority of which are natural forests. The Malam Jabba region, known for its agro-forestry practices, has undergone significant changes in its agricultural, forestry, and urban development.

The study of land use and land cover (LULC) change and the evolution of ecosystem service values (ESV) is important for optimizing the allocation of regional land resources and achieving sustainable development, but traditional land use analysis methods cannot dig deeper into the information on the internal transitions between different land types. Therefore, in this paper, we use the component analysis and Intensity Analysis methods to systematically analyze the land use landscape changes at multiple levels.

The water quality of a basin is pronouncedly affected by the surrounding types of land use. Analyzing the impact of LULC and landscape patterns on water quality is critical for identifying potential drivers. To further study how LUCC affects the water quality in a typical plateau lake basin, this study investigated the impacts of land-use types on water quality in the Dianchi Lake Basin in Southwest China.

Affected by the small scale of forest farmers’ land and the imperfect development of the forest land transfer market, China’s forest rights mortgage loans have suffered from more serious credit rationing. The application of financial linkage theoretically has the effect of solving credit rationing. However, previous studies on financial linkages have focused on the field of credit lending, whereas the applied studies in the field of mortgage lending are mainly case studies on transaction models, and empirical tests on the application of financial linkages in mortgage lending are lacking.

Land use/land cover (LULC) changes are among the most significant human-caused global variations affecting the natural environment and ecosystems. Pakistan’s LULC patterns have undergone huge changes since the 1900s, with no clear mitigation plan. This paper aims to determine LULC and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes as well as their causes in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab province over four different periods (2000, 2007, 2014, and 2021).