The purpose of this Act is to prevent danger and damage to the national health and environment due to air pollution, and to manage and preserve properly the atmospheric environment (art. 1). The Minister of Environment shall provide for installation of a network measuring devices, and measure at…

This report reviews the recurring costs situation for irrigation in Asia. These are the costs associated with project operation and maintenance (O&M). As is well documented in the literature many developing countries have neglected project O&M which has resulted in a rapid…

This analysis of global and Asian markets looks at protectionism and substitution (decline in starch trade, rise in trade of cassava feedstuffs) and the Asian regional market for cassava feedstuffs. The degree of substitution between cassava and grains has increased measurably during the postwar…

In Thailand cassava is produced mainly for export. The Thai cassava industry was based on starch export until the 60s when West Germany began to use CSW for animal feed. As this was a by-product of starch manufacturing, shortages resulted, leading to the market for CM. Chips became the dominant…

The agricultural economy of Malaysia has traditionally been export-oriented. Cassava was the 1st of the export crops, established in the 1850s. Malaysia is a land-surplus, labor-scarce economy; thus cassava was planted in a shifting cultivation system giving it the image of a soil-depleting crop…

Japanese coastal fishermen have legally-guaranteed equitable access to and “ownership” of the living aquatic resources of coastal waters, through an elaborate fisheries rights system. In Japan no conceptual distinction exists between land holdings and land tenure and sea holdings, or sea tenure…