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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has historically played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith in the 19th century, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two world wars and the Irish Republic's withdrawal from the union. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a founding member of NATO and the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999. The latter was suspended until May 2007 due to wrangling over the peace process, but devolution was fully completed in March 2010.


The UK was an active member of the EU from 1973 to 2016, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union. However, frustrated by a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens on 23 June 2016 narrowly voted to leave the EU. The so-called “Brexit” will take years to carry out but could be the signal for referenda in other EU countries where skepticism of EU membership benefits is strong.

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Displaying 351 - 355 of 782

Planning (Avian Influenza) (Special Development) Order (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.R. No. 175 of 2015).

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This Order, made bu the Department of the Environment in exercise of the powers conferred by section 32 of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011, grants planning permission in respect of certain development which is necessary for the purposes of housing poultry and other captive birds to protect them from avian influenza. The Order applies to land within a controlled zone, H5N1 controlled zone, wild bird control area or wild bird monitoring area declared by the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development and to any identified premises.

Planning (Modification and Discharge of Planning Agreements) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.R. No. 187 of 2015).

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These Regulations make provision with respect to an appeal procedure under section 78 of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011. Section 77 of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 enables a person against whom a planning agreement is enforceable to apply to the relevant authority (the Department or appropriate district council) to have the agreement modified or discharged. Section 78 of that Act provides for an appeal to the planning appeals commission if such an application is refused or not determined.

Planning (Conservation Areas) (Consultation) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.R. No. 177 of 2015).

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These Regulations prescribe the bodies the Department must consult for the purposes of section 104(5)(b) of the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 before making a conservation area designation. These bodies are, for the purposes of these Regulations, the Department of the Environment, the Department for Regional Development and any water or sewerage undertaker. They also prescribe bodies that must be consulted before varying or cancelling a conservation area designation (the council concerned, the Department for Regional Development and any water or sewerage undertaker).

Planning General (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.R. No. 176 of 2015).

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Regulation 2 amends regulation 5(2) of the Planning General Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 on referral for determination by the Department of the Environment of an application for planning permission for development to which regulation 3 applies.

Amends: Planning General Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.I. No. 39 of 2015). (2015-02-09)

Planning (Simplified Planning Zones) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015 (S.R. No. 188 of 2015).

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These Regulations are concerned with the procedure for making and altering by a district council of simplified planning zone schemes. Such a scheme provides planning permission within the area covered by the scheme for development in accordance with the scheme without the need for specific application. They make provision in respect of, among other things, consultation and notification before depositing proposals, the requirement for a title to the scheme, and making objections and representations, They also specify the content or form of certain notices to be given by the council.