Land use, land resource demands, and landscape management practices are linked to many of the environmental, climatic, and socio-economic challenges faced by contemporary society. The study focuses on a comparative analysis of the experience of the land resource management (LRM); thus, the study aims respond to how the land-related resources are managed, what policy instruments support it, and what improvements would promote the sustainable management of these resources.

Increasing flood damage has led to a rising importance of land use in flood risk management policies, commonly referred to as the spatial turn in flood risk management. This includes policies aiming at making space for rivers, which, in practice, lead to an increasing demand for land. Although research has been conducted on the variety of policies, the resulting land use conflicts in flood-prone areas have not been paid much attention to. This paper therefore analyses the current land use and its changes in Alpine flood-prone areas in Austria.

Land use conflicts induced by human activities cause accelerated soil erosion. The response of soil erosion to spatial conflict in production-living-ecological space (PLES) is not clearly understood. In this research, models such as PLES spatial conflict, revised universal soil loss equation, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, and an optimal parameter-based geographical detector were used to explore the characteristics and drivers of soil erosion in response to spatial conflict in the PLES of the Dongting Lake watershed.