Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new ROMANOV Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 contributed to the Revolution of 1905, which resulted in the formation of a parliament and other reforms. Repeated devastating defeats of the Russian army in World War I led to widespread rioting in the major cities of the Russian Empire and to the overthrow in 1917 of the imperial household. The communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. After defeating Germany in World War II as part of an alliance with the US (1939-1945), the USSR expanded its territory and influence in Eastern Europe and emerged as a global power. The USSR was the principal adversary of the US during the Cold War (1947-1991). The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the decades following Stalin’s rule, until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics.
Following economic and political turmoil during President Boris YELTSIN's term (1991-99), Russia shifted toward a centralized authoritarian state under the leadership of President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present) in which the regime seeks to legitimize its rule through managed elections, populist appeals, a foreign policy focused on enhancing the country's geopolitical influence, and commodity-based economic growth. Russia faces a largely subdued rebel movement in Chechnya and some other surrounding regions, although violence still occurs throughout the North Caucasus.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation.
Members:
Resources
Displaying 351 - 355 of 1046Regional Law No. 113-z amending Regional Law No. 55-z "On turnover of agricultural land".
Article 14 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Regional executive bodies shall publish information related to turnover of agricultural land plots and agricultural land shares envisaged by the Federal Law in an official mass media selected for and entrusted with publication of the official information”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 55-z "On turnover of agricultural land". (2011-04-05)
Regional Law No. 553-OZ amending Regional Law No. 223-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”.
Article 4 (1) shall be amended to add the following wording: “Regional state bodies in the sphere of protection and management of the objects of cultural heritage shall be responsible for the organization and performance of regional state supervision in the sphere of protection of the objects of cultural heritage”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 223-OZ “On objects of cultural heritage”. (2013-09-11)
Regional Law No. 137-oz “On re-distribution among local government bodies of some plenary powers in the sphere of land relations”.
The scope of this Regional Law shall be re-distribution of some plenary powers in the sphere of land relations in relation to governance of plots of urban public land with undelimited ownership in case of availability of validated land-use planning scheme. Regional executive body competent in the aforesaid sphere shall be Regional Government.
Regional Law No. 500-OZ amending Regional Law No. 166-OZ “On regulation of some land relations”.
Article 2 shall be amended to add the following wording: “Regional Legislative Assembly shall establish the modalities of calculation of lease payments for public land plots and land plots with undelimited public ownership allotted on lease without tender”.
Amends: Regional Law No. 166-OZ “On regulation of some land relations”. (2009-06-26)
Regional Law No. 2314-ZTO “On allotment of plots of land in ownership to citizens free of charge”.
This Regional Law sets forth the modalities of allotment of plots of land in ownership to citizens free of charge for gardening, citizens awarded with the Order the Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation, Hero of Socialist Labour, Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation, Full Cavalier of the Order of Military Glory and Full Cavalier of the Order of Labour Glory for horticulture, subsistence farming, family farming , commercial farming and individual residential housing construction.