This case study is one of six
evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's
1991 Forest Strategy. This and the other cases (Cameroon,
China, Costa Rica, India, and Indonesia) complement a review
of the entire set of lending and nonlending activities of
the World Bank Group and the Global Environment Facility.
The World Bank has clearly diminished its lending presence
in the Amazon in the past decade. It has moved from the

The purpose of this paper is to provide
information on how to transform and strengthen pluralistic
agricultural extension and advisory systems in moving toward
the broader goal of increasing farm income and improving
rural livelihoods. The focus of this book is primarily on
the technical knowledge, management skills, and information
services that small-scale farm households will need to
improve their livelihoods in the rapidly changing global

While Zambia's economy performs
well, in macroeconomic terms, low levels of productivity
plague industry, and this constrains growth, diversification
and prosperity. In recent years, economic growth has
averaged 5-6 percent a year, business reforms are being
implemented, and investment levels are at an all time high.
However, according to the World Economic Forum's global
competitiveness index 2010-2011, Zambia is not a competitive

This report is a window into a larger
initiative, the jobs and prosperity: building Zambia's
Competitiveness (JPC) program. The JPC program is a
'joint venture' between the governments of the
Republic of Zambia, the Zambian private sector, the United
Kingdom's Department for International Development
(DFID), the African development bank group and the World
Bank Group. As such, the report represents the collective

This report is part of a series produced
by the World Bank's Africa Finance and Private Sector
Development Unit (AFTFP). This report explores the potential
contribution that the copper mining industry could make to
jobs and prosperity in Zambia, and what it will take to
achieve this potential. Copper has for many years played an
important role in Zambia's economy, and the performance
of the economy has followed the fortunes of copper mining

Input subsidy programs carry support as
instruments to increase agricultural productivity, provided
they are market-smart. This requires especially proper
targeting to contain the fiscal pressure, with decentralized
targeting of input vouchers currently the instrument of
choice. Nonetheless, despite clear advantages in
administrative costs, the fear of elite capture persists.
These fears are borne out in the experience from the 2008

This report looks beyond the current
global financial crisis to the restoration of dynamic
long-run growth in Serbia. The answer in this report is that
Serbia will need to fundamentally alter its growth model to
compete effectively in world markets. The past model relying
on excessive inflows of capital and credit that, in part,
fuelled a consumption boom has run its course in all
European countries. Serbia must shift to a greater export

Since 1999, Nigeria has made significant
progress in economic reform. Sound macroeconomic policies,
combined with structural reforms aimed at increasing the
supply responsiveness of the economy, ushered in sustained
high growth, driven by the non-oil economy. The goal of this
book is to shed light on the extent to which Nigeria's
much improved economic performance has impacted the labor
market, and to develop a growth strategy that could enhance

There have been numerous episodes of
widespread adoption of improved seed and long-term
achievements in the development of the maize seed industry
in Sub-Saharan Africa. This summary takes a circumspect view
of technical change in maize production. Adoption of
improved seed has continued to rise gradually, now
representing an estimated 44 percent of maize area in
Eastern and Southern Africa (outside South Africa), and 60

This paper develops an innovative 21
sector computable general equilibrium model of Armenia to
assess the impact on Armenia of a Deep and Comprehensive
Free Trade Agreement with the European Union, as well as
further regional or multilateral trade policy commitments.
The analysis finds that such an agreement with the European
Union will likely result in substantial gains to Armenia,
but shows that the gains derive from the deep aspects of the

This paper investigates the impact of
remittances on financial inclusion. This is an important
issue given recent studies showing that financial inclusion
can have significant beneficial effects on households. Using
household-level survey data for El Salvador, the authors
examine the impact of remittances on households' use of
savings and credit instruments from formal financial
institutions. They find that although remittances have a

Infrastructure investments are typically
long-term. As a result, observed benefits to households and
communities may vary considerably over time as short-term
outcomes generate or are subsumed by longer-term impacts.
This paper uses a new round of household survey as part of a
local government engineering department's rural road
improvement project financed by the World Bank in Bangladesh
to compare the short-term and long-term effects of rural