Investment in land is not conflict-neutral, and given the history of violent conflict and mutual destabilization in the Horn of Africa there is potential for localized political grievances to turn into wider regional conflict. There is significant foreign investment in land in Ethiopia by parties from Africa and further afield. This is primarily geared towards producing for the export market, and is often concentrated in regions with limited political influence.

Sida have supported a technical assistance to 1997. The fi rst stage of this assistance has been successfully completed in 2001. According to Sida’s decision from 2001-11-05 the technical assistance was extended through the project Cadastre Project – Fiscal Cadastre and Training”. gives recommendations for a possible continuation of Sida’s support. Most of the planned project activities were completed at the time for our evaluation.

Abstract
The persistent interplay of food production problems, land
degradation, and social and climatic difficulties on the Horn of
Africa result in recurring famines in spite of vast sums of money
spent on agricultural development. As land resources--which
undergird both social and production systems in Africa--become
increasingly degraded, development efforts, especially in
problematic areas, need to become part of comprehensive resource
use programs that take into account the existing regional land

This brief considers progress made in understanding gender and development between the 1982 and the 2008 World Development Report. The authors acknowledge achievements in valuing women's dynamic roles in agricultural productivity and development in general, but also point to areas in which the most recent report fall short, including an acknowledgement of the lack of policy recommendations for deeper social and structural inequalities.

In this booklet the Sustainable Economic Development Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs explains the bottlenecks women face in the production, preparation, processing and trading of food. The booklet also presents an overview of Dutch-funded organisations and projects focused on food security that are working to enhance the economic empowerment of women.

The publication starts by arguing that the first condition for sustainable food production is enhancing women’s land rights.

Unruh JD (1995) Pastoralist resource use and access in Somalia: a changing context of
development, environmental stress, and conflict. In: Sorenson J (ed.) Disaster and Development on the Horn of Africa. Macmillan, London

LAND DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN MOZAMBIQUE:
EVIDENCE AND INSTITUTIONS OF AGROFORESTRY
TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
Jon Unruh
This paper was also released as CAPRi Working Paper No. 12 and is available at
http://www.capri.cgiar.org/wp/capri.cgiar.org/wp/capriwp12.asp.

Toward sustainable livelihoods after war:
Reconstituting rural land tenure systems. Jon Unruh 2008. 32 103-115

Unruh JD (1996) Resource Sharing: small holders and pastoralists in Shalambood, Lower
Shabelle Region. In: Besteman C, Cassanelli L (eds.) The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: The War Behind the War. Westview Press, Boulder, CO

Unruh JD (1995) Post-conflict recovery of African agriculture: The role of 'critical resource'
tenure. Ambio 24: 343-350

Environmental change and adaptation
in degraded agro-ecosystems: the case
of highland Madagascar
Jon Unruh*, Bill McConnell** and Joe Rodman†
Area (2010) 42.3, 359–368