The Mapping Carbon Pricing Initiatives Report maps existing and emerging carbon pricing initiatives around the world. It does not provide a quantitative, transaction-based analysis of the international carbon market since current market conditions invalidate any attempt to undertake such an analysis. The development of national and subnational carbon pricing initiatives in an increasing number of countries calls for a different focus.

Mexico has started a number of
efforts to develop adequate policy frameworks in several
areas including the energy sector, transportation and
industrial policies, and forestry and natural resources
management. Its Climate Change Law and the National
Strategy on Climate Change envision is changing the upward
trend of its carbon dioxide emissions towards a total
decline of emission of thirty percent by 2020, and fifty

Changes in climate and their impact on agricultural systems and rural economies are already evident throughout Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Adaptation measures now in use in Moldova, largely piecemeal efforts, will be insufficient to prevent impacts on agricultural production over the coming decades. There is growing interest at country and development partner levels to have a better understanding of the exposure, sensitivities, and impacts of climate change at farm level, and to develop and prioritize adaptation measures to mitigate the adverse consequences.

Ukraine is renowned as the breadbasket
of Europe thanks to its black soils ( Chernozem black
because of the high organic matter content) which offer
exceptional agronomic conditions. One-third of the worldwide
stock of the fertile black soils, which cover more than half
of Ukraine s arable land, a large variety of climatic zones,
and favourable temperature and moisture regimes, offers
attractive conditions for the production of a large range of

Climate change is happening faster and
in a dramatically more visible way in the Earth's
cryosphere than anywhere else on earth. Cryosphere is
defined as elements of the Earth system containing water in
its frozen state. The average temperature has risen here at
over twice the global mean in the Arctic, Antarctic
Peninsula, and much of the Himalayas and other mountain
regions. This report summarizes the changes already being

This discussion paper summarizes
observed and projected trends in extreme weather events,
present-day climate variability, and future climate change
and their impacts on China's different regions.
Findings are presented from China's national assessment
report on climate change (2007) and second national
assessment report on climate change (2011) as well as other
studies by Chinese and international experts. In addition to

Developed under the auspices of the
Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) and with advice and
input from its Baselines Working Group, this document offers
guidance and options for the development of emissions
baselines, a key component for assessing the emission
reductions in in both market and non-market based
mechanisms. In the context of this document, a baseline
refers to a scenario that describes expected or desired

This document summarizes the approach
that the global partnership for oceans (GPO) will take in
its work with countries to help improve the health of the
oceans and reduce coastal poverty. Restoring the health of
the world's ocean is a global challenge that can and
must be solved if one has to alleviate poverty, build
resilient communities, and foster strong coastal economies.
The natural systems underpinning the health of the ocean and

In countries such as Georgia, the risks
of climate change for the agricultural sector are a
particularly immediate and important problem because the
majority of the rural population depends either directly or
indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. The most
effective plans for adapting the sector to climate change
will involve both human capital and physical capital
enhancements; however, many of these investments can also

Sierra Leone is still recovering from a
brutal civil war (1991-2002), fuelled in part by a valuable
and easily extractable natural resource (diamonds). Sierra
Leone now stands on the verge of an unprecedented period of
economic growth, driven primarily by revenues from
large-scale iron ore mining. Yet it continues to face many
governance and developmental challenges. The rapid rise of
the extractives governance agenda in Sierra Leone requires

Within the next two decades Indonesia
aspires to generate prosperity, avoid a middle-income trap,
and leave no one behind as it tries to catch up with
high-income economies. Can Indonesia achieve them? This
report argues that the country has the potential to rise and
become more prosperous and equitable. But the risk of
floating in the middle is real. Which pathway the economy
will take depends on: (i) the adoption of a growth strategy