Conclusion:

"Myanmar is at a historic crossroads where rapid land polarisation means that a major rethink is needed of how land and associated resources are regulated and for what purposes. The good news is that there is a lot of thinking about and rethinking of land policy happening both inside and outside the corridors of state; many people are putting serious time and energy into thinking about what should be done, and at least for the time being, the political space exists for previously excluded voices to weigh in and be heard.

Unregistered ancestral lands and those under shifting cultivation will be protected under draft policy and protected from confiscation under under a draft land use policy, a change land rights groups say would be a major step forward for tenure security.

Constitution of Côte d'Ivoire 2016

Date: Avril 2018

Source: Foncier & Développement

Par: Georges Kouamé

To provide for the temporary protection of certain rights to and interests in land which are not otherwise adequately protected by law; and to provide for matters connected therewith

To consolidate and amend the laws in force in the Union relating to the registration of deeds…1. (I) There shall be deeds registries at Cape Town, Kingwilliamstown, Kimberley, Vryburg, Pietermaritzburg, Pretoria and Bloemfontein, each to serve its respective area as defined in the Second Schedule to this Act. The Rand townships registration office at Johannesburg, shall also be a deeds registry, but only in connection with the registration of documents relating to immovable property in any township in the area served thereby as defined in the said Schedule.

Land registration and titling in Africa has been seen as a means of legal empowerment of the poor that can protect smallholders’ and pastoralists’ rights of access to land and other landbased resources.

The Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) has nine regional offices and three satellite offices. It explained that there were business processes in place to guide the application and consultation process. It emphasised that the primary duty to consult rested with an applicant for a mining permit and a prospecting, exploration, production or mining right. Applications for rights and permits were lodged online using the South African Mineral Resources Administration System (SAMRAD).

Following South Sudanese independence in 2011, land reform became a major aspect of state building, partly to address historical injustices and partly to avoid future conflicts around land. In the process, land became a trigger for conflicts, sometimes between communities with no histories of “ethnic conflict.” Drawing on cases in two rural areas in Yei River County in South Sudan, this paper shows that contradictions in the existing legal frameworks on land are mainly to blame for those conflicts.

Across Africa, Asia and Latin America, investors are increasingly approaching rural communities seeking land for logging, mining, and agribusiness ventures. Even in those situations where the investors have followed FPIC guidelines and undertaken a formal “consultation” with the community, these consultations are generally conducted in a context of significant power and information asymmetries. Part of the power imbalance comes from communities’ lack of information about the value of community lands and natural resources.

PROYECTO DE NUEVA AGENDA URBANA Para ser adoptado en Quito, Octubre 2016 10 de septiembre de 2016 Traducido al Español por Hábitat para la Humanidad Internacional Región América Latina y Caribe