North African cities have been undergoing major transformation over the past two decades following protracted instability civic uprising and conflicts changing their perception from havens to territories of displacements with social psychological and physical problems Historic public spaces in those cities in particular form a critical part of urban environments as they have the identity livelihoods and crosscommunity engagement in a healthy and fulfilling urban fabric and culture Whilst there have been several studies on the characteristics of open spaces in urban environments there is ver

Housing is one of the fundamental needs for human to respond their primary needs such as food rest cleaning and having family in other words everything that related to the needs of body and soul of a human Nowadays by increasing the population in the world the suitable shelter becomes a real problem In the point of economic also the prices of the houses increase too much so it is not affordable for lowincome people to have shelter easily After the revolution in Iran country there is huge immigration from the rural part to metropolitan areas Most of these peoples belong to a lowincome family

Warcity relationships had long been studied by scholars regarding wars sudden impact on cities Studies typically focused on one specific events impact on urban military politics economy or society This approach however treated wars impact on cities as only temporary hindered opportunities to reveal multiple political regimes spatial competition through waroriented city planning and construction which is crucial for city development and their resultant urban form changes through time In response this study has examined city planning and construction activities during the short time gaps betw

Countries face severe local and global climate risks with grave social, economic, and environmental costs. Given a significant portion of global emissions are a result of agriculture, forestry, and other land-based investments, governments can mitigate climate risks by ensuring these investments contribute to, rather than undermine, national and global climate goals.

Context and backgroundIn 2017 Mali developed a law recognizing the customary land rights of local populations called the "Loi sur le Foncier Agricole" (LFA, Farmland Land Law). This law was celebrated by rural populations, particularly farmers, who saw their family farms protected from state monopolization through incorporation into the private real estate domain of the state by means of registration. It was in this euphoria that the Land Law (LDF) was passed in 2020 by ordinance.

Context and background: During decades the government of Côte d’Ivoire, try to find ways to resolved rural lands conflicts. So, since 1998, he was engaged in a politic of land securization. The issue of this process is the delivery of individual and collective land certificates to land rights holders. This certificate must be transformed on individual property title.

Background and Context :Land is a key element for the practice of economic activities such as agriculture. In rural areas, its equitable access is an essential condition for sustainable development and the improvement of the living conditions of populations.

This study addresses the significant issue of land fragmentation in Ethiopia, which is characterized by  small, irregular, scattered parcels  with no or adequate road access. With landholders owning multiple small and dispersed parcels, averaging 1.5 hectares, the situation demands urgent policy intervention.

This study focuses on land fragmentation in Ethiopia, exploring its impact on agricultural productivity and rural development. It proposes strategies for addressing fragmentation through land consolidation. The study employs a robust methodology, including data collection and analysis of  data, along with a meta-analysis of existing reports and studies on land fragmentation. Through these analytical approaches, the study aims to provide empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of land consolidation strategies in Ethiopia.

This Guide is drawn from experience in the action research project “Bottom-up accountability initiatives and large-scale land acquisitions in Africa”. The project aimed to bring the international soft law instrument, the Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of the Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests (the Tenure Guidelines or TGs), to rural communities and, together with them, to use the Guidelines to strengthen their tenure of land, fisheries and forests.

Developing countries are increasingly focusing more on land policy as part of their development plans. Ghana created its National Land Policy in 1999 but hasn't updated it in over 25 years, despite significant changes in land governance. Land policy reforms since colonial times were carried out without a structured plan, leading to problems in land management and many legal disputes due to existing land laws' shortcomings. This situation prompted the development of a thorough Land Policy in 1999.