Spring phenophases such as the beginning of leaf unfolding, measured in the Irish gardens of the International Phenological Garden (IPG) network, indicate an earlier spring occurrence hence a longer growing season. However, these measurements are limited to selected species of trees at a few point locations in the southern half of the country. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology, based on satellite remote sensing, to measure the vegetation start of season (SOS) across the whole island of Ireland on an annual basis, complementary to existing ground-based methods.

Soil moisture pulses are a prerequisite for other land surface pulses at various spatiotemporal scales in arid and semi-arid areas. The temporal dynamics and profile variability of soil moisture in relation to land cover combinations were studied along five slopes transect on the Loess Plateau during the rainy season of 2011. Within the 3 months of the growing season coupled with the rainy season, all of the soil moisture was replenished in the area, proving that a type stability exists between different land cover soil moisture levels.

Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are used to measure the range (distance from the sensor to the target) and the intensity data (the backscattered energy from the target). LiDAR has been used extensively to model the topography of the Earth surface. Nowadays, LiDAR systems operating in the near-infrared spectral range are also gaining high interest for land cover classification and object recognition. LiDAR system requires geometric calibration (GC) and radiometric correction (RC) in order to maximize the benefit from the collected LiDAR data.

India, a mega-diverse country, possesses a wide range of climate and vegetation types along with a varied topography. The present study has classified forest types of India based on multi-season IRS Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data. The study has characterized 29 land use/land cover classes including 14 forest types and seven scrub types. Hybrid classification approach has been used for the classification of forest types.

This research examines the spatio-temporal trends in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series to ascribe land use change and precipitation to observed changes in land cover from 1982 to 2007 in the Mexican Yucatán Peninsula, using seasonal trend analysis (STA).

We present here a method to integrate geologic, topographic, and land-cover data in a geographic information system to provide a fine-scale, spatially explicit prediction of sediment yield to support management applications. The method is fundamentally qualitative but can be quantified using preexisting sediment-yield data, where available, to verify predictions using other independent data sets.

The assessment of the value of ecosystem services is a valuable tool for biodiversity conservation that can facilitate better environmental policy decision-making and land management, and can help land managers develop interventions to compensate for biodiversity loss at the patch level. Previous studies have suggested that it is appropriate to assess the value of biodiversity for conservation planning by considering both the condition of the landscape and the spatial configuration of adjacent land uses that can be reflected as a proximity effect.

Immense land-cover changes in Iceland over the last millennium have encompassed birch (Betula pubescencs) woodland depletion and extensive soil erosion; few studies have focused on spatial distribution change of birch woodland in Iceland over centuries.

Sub-pixel mapping of remotely sensed imagery is often performed by assuming that land cover is spatially dependent both within and between image pixels. Intra- and inter-pixel dependencies are two widely used approaches to represent different land-cover spatial dependencies at present. However, merely using intra- or inter-pixel dependence alone often fails to fully describe land-cover spatial dependence, making current sub-pixel mapping models defective.

In this study, land cover maps of Bozcaada district were developed using Landsat satellite images obtained in 2006, 2007 and 2008. In addition to original images (6 band Landsat TM), the new images constituted with image processing techniques were also used. A total of ten images were formed by supervised classification method using principal component analysis (PCA), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and tasseled cap (TC) transformation methods.

Impervious surface mapping has become a recent concern in remote-sensing applications because of worldwide urban growth and the resultant environmental changes. However, many effective impervious surface mapping techniques developed for moderate-resolution imagery are not applicable to high spatial resolution imagery such as that of IKONOS and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) due to their limited number of spectral bands and the lack of middle-infrared bands.

Shoreline armoring is an ancient and globally used engineering strategy to prevent shoreline erosion along marine, estuarine, and freshwater coastlines. Armoring alters the land water interface and has the potential to affect nearshore submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) by changing nearshore hydrology, morphology, water clarity, and sediment composition.