The study examines some of the major components of water cycle in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) to look for evidence of climate change. An analysis of hydrometeorological data has been performed for UIB. An Additive Decomposition Model was used for analyzing the time series data from ten meteorological stations in the Mangla (Jhelum River) and the Tarbela (Indus River) catchments and the long-term flow data for the three major rivers, the Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. The model decomposes a time series into trend, cyclical or periodic, autoregressive and irregular components.

Using family balance (i.e., combined net farm and non-farm incomes less family expenses), an output from an integrated model, which couples water resource, agronomic and socio-economic models, its sensitivity and uncertainty are evaluated for five smallholder farming groups (AeE) in the Olifants Basin. The crop management practiced included conventional rainfed, untied ridges, planting basins and supplemental irrigation.

Fourty eight mature Ethiopian Menz ewes were used to investigate the effect on nutrition on oestrous and ovarian activity in tropical sheeA control group was fed on hay alone and a high nutrition group received an additional 400g per ewe per d of a concentrate feed providing 263 g crude protein/kg dry matter and 10.5 MJ metabolisable energy/kg dry matter. Half the ewes in each group interacted with harnessed vasectomized rams to detect oestrous, which was also verfied by weekly plasma progesterone assays. Ram presence did not depress feed intake or liveweight gain.

Background: Like many countries in Southeast Asia, Vietnam’s rapid population and economic growth has met challenges in infrastructure development, especially sanitation in rural areas.