Research objective is to design an appropriated community participation process on watershed management for reduce conflicts in natural resources utilization of local community at Kon watershed, Nan province. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was applied in this form the Core Planning Team (CPT) and to arrange participatory workshop with stakeholders. The results show that the major problems at Kon watershed are unsuitable land use, forest degradation, soil erosion, and conflict on watershed resources utilization.

The study was conducted in three watersheds (Dapo, Meja and Mizewa) in the Ethiopian part of the Blue Nile Basin to estimate the on-site cost of soil erosion using the productivity change approach, in which crop yield reduction due to plant nutrients lost with the sediment and runoff has been analysed. For this purpose, runoff measurement and sampling was conducted during the main rainy season of 2011 at the outlet of two to three sub-watersheds in each watershed. The sediment concentration of the runoff, and N and P contents in runoff and sediment were determined.

Large-scale agricultural land investments in Africa are often considered solely from the land perspective. Yet land, water and other natural resources are closely interlinked in agricultural production and in sustaining rural livelihoods. Such investments involving irrigation will potentially have implications for water availability and utilization by other users, making it imperative to regard water as an economic rather than a free good.

Preventing contamination of natural waters and controlling the volume and improving the quality of drain and wastewater from the reclaimed territories of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia requires applying a set of measures as well as developing new technical solutions.

Study of the effects of land use on water and soil quality change at Kuan Kreng peatlands was divided in 3 parts: water quality, soil quality, and the effects of water and soil quality to utility of people in Kuan Kreng peatlands. The result of the studies found that water quality in Kuan Kreng peatlands had pH, temperature, dissolve oxygen, BOD, and ammonia-nitrogen as between 2.00-5.78, 25.1-28.9 deg C, 8.4-87.0 NTU, 1.1-5.4 mg/l, 2.5-31.1 mg/l and 0.0252-0.1939 mg/l, respectively. While highest phosphate-phosphorus was 0.0752 mg/l and lowest could not be detected.

Land degradation is a major challenge limiting crop production in Ethiopia. Integrated soil and water conservation is widely applied as a means to reverse the trend and increase productivity. This study investigated the effects of such integrated approaches at two sites, Jeldu and Diga, in Western Ethiopia. A split plot design with physical soil and water conservation in the main plots and agronomic practices in the sub plots was employed.

Salinization of soils is a major impediment to their optimal utilization in many arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world. In several large irrigation schemes, salinity-induced land degradation has increased steadily over the last few decades with concurrent reductions in agricultural productivity and sustainability. Currently, saline soils occur within at least 100 countries. These soils need explicit approaches in their amelioration since soil salinization cannot be reduced by routine irrigation and crop management practices.