It is now widely recognized that
low-income countries in tropical and sub-tropical regions
will be disproportionally affected by the adverse impacts of
climate change. The combination of already fragile
environments, dominance of climate-sensitive sectors in
economic activity, and low autonomous adaptive capacity in
these regions implies a high vulnerability to the harmful
effects of global warming on agricultural production and

Haiti suffers from a serious
deterioration of its natural environment and, in particular,
from a heavy pressure on its natural resources. The reasons
for this deterioration are multiple (poverty level,
demographic pressure, agricultural techniques and insecurity
regarding land tenure) and, therefore, go beyond the strict
scope of energy. However, the wood-fuel consumption is one
of the main factors of this deterioration. On a national

The study's objective was to
support the socio-economic development program of the
Government of Orissa by helping to analyze and formulate
practical strategies for strengthening an institutional and
regulatory framework with respect to managing the
environmental and social impacts of investments in the
mining and industry sectors. This study, conducted for about
a year, focused on two sets of issues: (i) the need to

This country note briefly summarizes
information relevant to both climate change and agriculture
in Guatemala, with focus on policy developments (including
action plans and programs) and institutional make-up. Like
most countries in Latin America, Guatemala has submitted one
national communication to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Land use change and
forestry are by far the largest contributors to greenhouse

This report seeks to present micro
evidence on how environmental changes affect poor
households. It focuses primarily on environmental resources
that are outside the private sphere, particularly commonly
held and managed resources such as forests, fisheries, and
wildlife. The objectives for this volume are three-fold. It
is first interested in using an empirical data-driven
approach to examine the dependence of the poor on natural

Carbon accounting and labeling for
products are new instruments of supply chain management that
may affect developing country export opportunities. Most
instruments in use today are private business management
tools, although the underlying science and methodologies may
spread to issues subject to public regulation. This note
seeks to inform stakeholders involved in the design of
carbon labeling schemes and in the making of carbon emission

Based on a literature review and expert
interviews, this paper analyzes the most important climate
impacts on development goals and explores relevant
institutions in the context of mainstreaming climate
adaptation into development assistance in Mozambique.
Climate variability and change can significantly hinder
progress toward attaining the Millennium Development Goals
and poverty aggravates the country's climate

Panama is experiencing spectacular
economic growth, averaging 7.5 percent during 2004-06; a
construction boom; and emerging new opportunities and
growing export markets. Despite this impressive growth
performance, at the national level poverty remained almost
unchanged during 1997-2006 at around 37 percent (masking a
decline in rural poverty and an increase in urban and
indigenous areas). Key development challenges for Panama

The 2008 edition of the little green
data book includes a focus section, four introductory pages
that focus on a specific issue related to development and
the environment. This year the focus is on the damage from
climate change and carbon dioxide emissions. As this focus
shows, global warming can have negative effects on
agriculture, health, infrastructure, and other economic
activities effects that are likely to hit developing

This paper explores two different
conceptions of how an emerging climate regime might evolve
to strengthen incentives for more vigorous cooperation in
mitigating global climate change. One is the paradigm that
has figured most prominently in negotiations to this point:
the establishment of targets and timetables for countries to
limit their aggregate greenhouse gas emissions. The other
approach consists of a variety of loosely coordinated

The main objective of the Country
Environmental Analysis (CEA) in Nepal is to identify
opportunities for enhancing the overall performance of
select environmental management systems through improvements
in the effectiveness of institutions, policies, and
processes. CEA has been built upon the following three
primary study components: (a) an examination of the
environmental issues associated with infrastructure

This study was conducted with the main objective of determining the linkages between poverty and land management in Uganda. The study used the 2002/03 Uganda National Household Survey in eight districts representing six major agro-ecological zones and farming systems. Farmers in these districts deplete an average of 179 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is about 1.2 percent of the nutrient stock stored in the topsoil.